Transcript Cells: Its Alive!

Warm Up/Homework
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What is the difference between structure and
function?
Homework: QUIZ on Vocabulary from pages
60-75
IB Word of the Week: “THINKER” Can you
connect what you thing you know
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What is the difference between
structure and function?
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Structure makes reference to how something is
made (materials its made of/how it looks
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Function makes reference to what a particular
thing DOES! Function is the item job or role
Cells
S7L2 Students will describe the structure and function of
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
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b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm,
chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions.
c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into
organs, organs into systems, and systems into organisms.
d. Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the
needs cells have for oxygen, food, and waste removal.
Cells
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All Living things have certain characteristics:
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Use Energy
Cellular Organization
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Unicellular or Multicellular
Contain Similar Chemicals
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Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
Cells: Its Alive!
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Grow and Develop
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Respond to Their Surroundings
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Development is the process of change that occurs during
an organisms life, makes a more complex organism
Stimulus
Response
Can Reproduce
Cells
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There are some basic needs that all living things have:
Energy
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Autotroph: an organism that makes its own food
Heterotroph: an organism that can not make its own food
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Water
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Living Space
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Stable Internal Conditions
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Homeostasis: the maintenance of stable internal conditions despite the
changes in the surroundings.
Cells
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Cell Theory:
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All living things are
made up of cells
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Cells are the basic unit
and structure and
function of all living
things
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All cells are produced by
other cells.
Spontaneous Generation:
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The mistaken idea that
living things arise from
nonliving sources.
Cells: Its Alive!
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What is the difference
between the Cell Wall
and the Cell Membrane?
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cells: Its Alive!
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What is the function of the cell
wall?
The cell wall has a rigid layer
of nonliving material that
surrounds the cell of plants and
some other organisms.
The cell wall helps protect the
cell and give it structure and
support.
Cells: Its Alive!
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What is the Cell Membrane?
In some organisms, once you pass through the
cell wall there next structure is the cell
membrane.
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The cell membrane is the “gatekeeper” of the cell;
it regulates what materials enter and exit the cell.
Describe the Cell Membrane
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Cell membranes contain lipids, proteins and
phospholipids.
Some of the proteins and lipids control the
movement of items in or out of the cell
Cell membrane has 2 layers of lipids
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Hydrophobic- inner part, contain lipid tails that are
“water fearing”
Hydrophilic- Phospholipid head “water loving”
Cells: Its Alive!
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What significant role does the nucleus play?
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The nucleus is the “control center” of the cell; or
perhaps the “brain” of the cell.
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The nucleus directs all the activities of the cell.
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The nucleus is also where genetic material can be
found. (DNA an RNA)
Explain the structure of the Nucleus
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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that
contains the cell’s DNA. DNA contains the
information on how to make a cell’s proteins.
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Messages for how to make proteins are copied from
the DNA. These messages are then sent out of the
nucleus through the membranes.
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The nucleus is covered by two membranes. Materials
cross this double membrane through pores.
Ribosomes
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Organelles that make proteins are called
ribosomes. Unlike most organelles, ribosomes
are not covered by a membrane.
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Proteins are made of organic molecules called
amino acids. All cells need proteins to live. All
cells have ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Rectiuculum
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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system
of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids,
and other materials are made.
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The ER is part of the internal delivery system
of the cell. Substances move through the ER to
different places in the cell.
Endoplasmic Rectiuculum
• Endoplasmic reticulum is either rough ER or
smooth ER.
• The part of the ER covered in ribosomes is
rough ER.
• ER that lacks ribosomes is smooth ER.
What is the function and structure of
the Mitochondria
• A mitochondrion is the organelle in which
sugar is broken down to produce energy.
Mitochondria are the main power source of a
cell.
• Mitochondria are covered by two membranes,
as shown at right.
What is the function of Chloroplast
• Chloroplasts are organelles in plant and algae
cells in which photosynthesis takes place.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
and algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
water to make sugar and oxygen.
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are
covered by two
membranes, as shown at
right.
Describe the function of the Golgi
Complex
• The organelle that packages and distributes
proteins is called the Golgi complex. The
Golgi complex modifies lipids and proteins to
do different jobs.
Golgi Complex
• Final products are
enclosed in a piece
of the Golgi complex
membrane, which
pinches off to form a
small bubble.