Transcript Cells
Cells Building blocks of life! Cell Discovery Anton van Leeuwenhoek •Early 1600’s •Saw tiny organisms in pond water Robert Hooke •1665 •Saw tiny chambers in cork tissue •Termed the tiny chambers “cells” Cell Theory • Three components: 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes •Smaller, simpler •NO nucleus •Bacteria •Meet characteristics of life •Include cytoplasm, ribosomes, & genetic material •All contain Nuclei •Most contain organelles •Unicellular or multicellular organisms •Animal, Fungi, Protist, & Plant Cells Cell Organelles Make a “T-Chart” in your notes For the cell organelles, make a “T-chart” in your notes by drawing a line down the middle of your paper. Title the RIGHT side “Cell Organelle Names” Title the LEFT side “Functions/jobs” Mitochondria Nuclear Membrane Centrioles Microfilament s Microtubules Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Lysosomes Plasma Membrane Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Animal Cell Organelles Plant Cell Organelles Nuclear Envelope Chloroplast Nucleolus Nucleus Endoplamic Reticulum Cell Wall Cell Membrane Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Ribosomes Vacuole Microtubules Plant Cell Cell Membrane -Protection and Boundary - “Skin” of the cell Cell Wall •Stronger layer outside of cell membrane •Support & Protect •Found in Plants, some Protists, Fungi & Prokaryotes •Not found in animals Cytoplasm & Centriole Cytoplasm •Located between cell membrane & nuclear membrane •Fills space in cell Centriole •Helps organize microtubules during cell division. •Nuclear Membrane -Surrounds Nucleus -Protection, Boundary from Cytoplasm •Nucleus -Control Center -Contains DNA -3 Components •Nucleolus -Makes ribosomes -”inner nucleus” •Nuclear Pore -Hole in Nuclear Membrane -Allows materials in and out of nucleus •Chromatin -Genetic material made of DNA & proteins -coils up to be chromosomes -in nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) •Internal membrane system •Assembles components (lipids) of the cell membrane (Smooth ER) •Modifies proteins (Rough ER) Ribosomes •made of RNA & proteins •Assembled in nucleolus •Make proteins •Golgi Apparatus -Stores and moves products made in the ER (ie. Proteins) Lysosome •Stores enzymes to digests fats, carbs, & proteins •Breaks down old cell parts Vacuole •Primarily found in Plants •Sac-like structure •Stores water and products •Tiny vacuoles (called vesicles) are found in animal cells Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis Found in plants & some protists. -Contains Chlorophyll -Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make food aka. photosynthesis Mitochondria •Converts food molecules into energy (the “powerhouse”) •does process of cellular respiration •Found in PLANTS & animals •Contain their own DNA (inherit from Mom).