Transcript EUKARYOTES ppt

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“true kernel”
Contain organelles:
membrane-bound
internal structures
with specific functions
(little organs)
DNA found in the
nucleus
2-1,000 µ
Human egg can be
seen with the naked
eye!
All other cells on
earth
EUKARYOTES
ORGANELLES
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Nucleus—controls all cell
activities with nucleic acids,
2 types: DNA:
deoxyribonucleic acid
(genes/chromosomes) and
RNA: ribonucleic acid
(coded from DNA)
 Nucleolus—inside the
nucleus; produces
ribosomes and stores RNA
 Nuclear membrane —
double layer of proteins
and lipids; has pores/holes
that regulate what goes
in/out of nucleus
Organelles, cont.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)– transport route in
the cell; 2 types
 Rough has ribosomes
along the edges (muscle
cells)
 Smooth which lacks
ribosomes
(brain/intestinal cells)
 Ribosomes—produce
proteins
Organelles,cont.
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Golgi apparatus (or
bodies)—folded
membrane
 Distribution/packaging
center
 Contains enzymes
that put a “coating” on
lipids/proteins and
determine where they
will go---in or out of
the cell
Organelles, cont.
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Mitochondria–
powerhouse of the
cell
 All E comes from this
organelle during cell
respiration
 Glucose is broken
down and releases
ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
Organelles, still….
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Lysosomes—little
vesicles that contain
digestive enzymes
that break down
old/useless cell parts
 Vacuoles—store H2O,
nutrients, wastes
 Small in animal, large
in plants—WHY?
Almost done…..
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Cell/plasma membrane
allows cell to be
selective in what gets
in/leaves the cell
 Separates the cell from
its environment
 Made of a double layer
with proteins and
phosphorous groups
outside and wet and
lipids inside and dry
YEA!!
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PLANTS ONLY:
Cell wall —made of
cellulose for support
 Chloroplasts—green
pigmented organelles
responsible for
photosynthesis (more
on that later…)
 ANIMALS ONLY:
 Centrioles—cylindrical
“tubes” used to move
chromosomes around
during mitosis (more
about that later, too…)
 http://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=o1G
QyciJaTA&feature
=related