Transcript Organelles in a Eukaryotic cell

Organelles in a Eukaryotic cell
Cytoplasm
• Description
• Gel like fluid where organelles are found
Cytosol- fluid portion of cytoplasm
• Mostly water
• Function
• Gives the cell its shape
• Many necessary chemical reactions
happen here
Nucleus
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Description
Contains nucleolus & chromosomes.
Surrounded by nuclear envelope.
Function
Control center of cell.
Nucleolus makes ribosomes/RNA
Chromosomes contain genes/DNA
Nucleolus
• Description
• Largest structure in nucleus
• Function
• Assembles Ribosomes
Chromatin
• Description
• Mass of genetic material composed of
DNA and proteins that condense to form
chromosomes during eukaryotic cell
division. Chromatin is located in the
nucleus of a cell
• Function
• Contains genes/DNA
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Description
Membranes throughout cytoplasm.
Rough ER- ribosomes on surface.
Smooth ER- no ribosomes
Functions
Transport material thru cytoplasm
Rough ER- site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER- site of lipid synthesis
Ribosomes
• Description
• composed of two subunits: a large subunit
and a small subunit.
• Function
• Assembles proteins
Golgi Apparatus ( bodies or
complex)
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Description
Stacks of flat membrane pouches
Functions
Packages molecules made in the
ER into vesicles then sends the
molecules to where they are
needed outside the cell.
Lysosomes
• Description
• Membrane pouches found mostly
in animals
• Functions
• Digest and recycle cell waste
using enzymes; Used by white
blood cells to destroy bacteria
Vacuoles
• Description
• Membrane pouches(mostly found
in plants, fungi, and algae)
• Function
• Transport and store material like
water and food
Mitochondria a.k.a. powerhouse
• Description
• Oval pouch bounded by 2
membranes
• Has own DNA
• Function
• Produces energy for cells called
ATP (cell respiration)
Chloroplast
• Description
• A long pouch bounded by 2 membranes &
contains chlorophyll (in plants & algae
only)
• Has own DNA
• Function
• Make food in the form of glucose using
sun, water, and CO2 (photosynthesis)
Cytoskeleton
• Description
• A network of proteins includes
microtubules and microfilaments.
• Function
• Supports cell, anchors organelles.
• Microtubules aid in cell division by
creating centrioles.
• Compose cilia & flagella
Flagella
• Description
• Long thin structures protruding
from cell surface. Usually 1 or 2.
• Function
• movement
Cilia
• Description
• Short thin structures protruding from cell
surface. Many on cell.
• Function
• Movement of cell; OR propel substances
like mucus past a stationary cell
Cell wall
• Description
• Rigid outer layer in plants, bacteria,
fungi, algae
• In plants and algae contains cellulose
• Fungi contains chitin
• Functions• protection, support, shape
Centrioles
• Description
• Rod-shaped, near nucleus, only
animals
• Function
• Organizes spindle fibers
• Pulls chromosomes apart in cell
division.
Comparing Cell Parts to Body
Parts/Systems
Comparing Cell Parts to Body
Parts/Systems