Transcript Cell Parts
Cell Parts ORGANELLES WITHIN THE CYTOPLASM Cytoplasm LOCATION: Region of cell inside Plasma membrane and surrounds organelles Structure Composed of water, salts and organic molecules Cytosol Function Site where most cellular activities are done CELL MEMBRANE PLASMA MEMBRANE (CELL MEMBRANE) STRUCTURE Made of a phospholipid bilayer Contains cholesterol Contain many different proteins with different functions FUNCTION “GATEKEEPER” Allows only certain molecules to enter and exit the cell Separates the inside of the cell from its environment The cell is selectively permeable FLUID MOSAIC MODEL Phospholipid bilayer acts like a fluid The lipids and proteins can move laterally within the bilayer Mosaic- pattern is constantly changing MITOCHONDRIA “POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL” MITOCHONDRIA STRUCTURE Two phospholipid bilayers Outer membraneseparates the mitochondria from the cytoplasm Inner membrane – Contains many folds called cristae Have their own mitochondrial DNA FUNCTION Convert organic molecules into energy for the cell in the form of ATP Cristae contains proteins that carry out “Cellular Respiration” Can only reproduce by division of preexisting mitochondria RIBOSOMES “MAKE PROTEINS” RIBOSOMES LOCATION: Can float freely in the cytosol or can be attached to ER STRUCTURE Small Spherical organelles and are not bound by membranes Made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules Made of two subunits (partially assembled in nucleolus) FUNCTION Synthesize (Make) Proteins ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM “Intracellular Highway” Rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRUCTURE Membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae *Contain Ribosomes FUNCTION Intracellular highway (a path in which molecules move around the cell) Makes phospholipids for membranes inside the cell Produces proteins made for export like digestive enzymes or antibodies Exported in Vesicles Smooth ER Structure Membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae *DO NOT Contain Ribosomes Function Intracellular highway Build Lipids such as Cholesterol SMOOTH VS ROUGH Smooth ER Found in the ovaries and Testes -Skeletal and heart muscles -Liver and Kidney Cells Rough ER Found in cells that produce proteins for export: Lymph nodes, Intestines, etc) GOLGI APPARATUS “Mail Room” Golgi Apparatus “Processing, packaging and labeling” STRUCTURE Flattened membranous sacs FUNCTION Receive vesicles from the ER containing newly made proteins or lipids Modify proteins and Lipids Give them Labels Send them around the cell or out of the cell in a vesicle VESICLES “PACKAGE” STRUCTURES Small Spherically shaped sac surrounded by one membrane FUNCTION Many different roles within the cell 1. Surround proteins and lipids and move them around the cell 2. Often Attach to Cell membrane and release substances from the cell DIFFERENT TYPES OF VESICLES LYSOSOMES “Garbage Men” LYSOSOMES STRUCTURE Small Spherically shaped sac surrounded by one membrane Bud from the Golgi Apparatus FUNCTION Contain digestive enzymes Break down worn out cells, cell parts and organelles In the liver they break down glycogen WBC’s break down bacteria Perioxisomes STRUCTURE Small spherically shaped sac surrounded by one membrane FUNCTION Produce hydrogen peroxide when breaking down bacteria and alcohol Also break down fatty acids Abundant in liver and kidney cells Other Vesicles Contractile Vacuoles- can contract and dispose of excess water Glyoxysomes-Found in the seeds of some plants- Break down stored fats Endosomes – engulf foreign particles Food Vacuolesstore nutrients for the cell