Transcript Types of Rock

Rock Cycle
Igneous Rocks
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Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock
material. There are two basic types:
•1) intrusive igneous rocks such as diorite, gabbro, granite and
pegmatite that solidify below Earth's surface.
•2) extrusive igneous rocks such as andesite, basalt, obsidian,
pumice, rhyolite and scoria that solidify on or above Earth's
surface.
Igneous: Granite
• It forms from the
slow crystallization
of magma below
Earth’s surface.
• Granite is composed
mainly of quartz and
feldspar with minor
amounts of mica,
amphiboles and
other minerals.
Igneous: Basalt
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It most commonly forms as an extrusive rock, such as a lava
flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies, such as an
igneous dike or a thin sill.
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Basalt underlies more of Earth's surface than any other rock
type. Most areas within Earth's ocean basins are underlain by
basalt. Although basalt is much less common on continents,
lava flows and flood basalts underlie several percent of
Earth's land surface. Basalt is a very important rock.
Igneous: Pumice and Obsidian
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Pumice forms during
explosive volcanic
eruptions. The
pockets are from gas
in the frothy lava.
Obsidian is the
volcanic glass formed
from very quick
cooling of lava. It
cools so quickly that
crystals cannot form.
Sedimentary Rocks
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Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. There
are three basic types of sedimentary rocks:
•1) clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone and
shale, that are formed from mechanical weathering debris.
•2) chemical sedimentary rocks such as rock salt and some limestones, that
form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution.
•3) organic sedimentary rocks such as coal and some limestones which form
from the accumulation of plant or animal debris
•A delta is a sediment deposit that forms when a stream enters a standing
body of water. The water velocity of the stream suddenly decreases and the
sediments being carried settle to the bottom. Deltas are where the largest
volume of Earth's mud is deposited. The image above is a satellite view of
the Mississippi delta, showing its distributary channels and interdistributary
deposits. The bright blue water surrounding the delta is laden with
sediment.
Shale is formed from...
•A) Clastic: mud
•B) Organic Material
•C) A chemical solution
Shale oil and gas
•Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations.[1]
Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the
United States since the start of this century, and interest has spread to
potential gas shales in the rest of the world.
•Fracking (Hydraulic fracturing)
•Horizontal drilling (along with traditional vertical drilling) allows for the
injection of highly pressurized fracking fluids into the shale area. This creates
new channels within the rock from which natural gas is extracted at higher
than traditional rates. The drilling well is cased with cement to ensure
groundwater protection, and the shale is hydraulically fractured with water
and other fracking fluids.
Sandstone is formed from
•A) Clastic: sand
•B) Organic Material
•C) A chemical
solution
Coal is formed by
•A) Clastic: sand
•B) Organic Material
•C) A chemical
solution
Iron Ore is formed by
• A) Clastic: sand
• B) Organic Material
• C) A chemical
solution
Limestone is formed by
• A) Clastic: sand
• B) Organic Material
• C) A chemical
solution
Other types of limestone
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1) Stalactites, stalagmites and other cave
formations are formed by evaporation of
the water and leave behind calcium
carbonate.
2) Chalk is formed from the calcium
carbonate remains of tiny marine
organisms
Metamorphic Rock
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Metamorphic rocks have been modified by heat, pressure and chemical process usually while buried deep below Earth's surface.
Exposure to these extreme conditions has altered the mineralogy, texture and chemical composition of the rocks.
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There are two basic types of metamorphic rocks:
1) foliated metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, phyllite, schist and slate which have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by
exposure to heat and directed pressure.
2) non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as marble and quartzite which do not have a layered or banded appearance.
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Marble
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This non-foliated
metamorphic rock
comes from heat
and pressure being
added to:
A) Shale
B) Limestone
C) Sandstone
D) Granite
Slate
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This foliated
metamorphic rock
comes from heat
and pressure being
added to:
A) Shale
B) Limestone
C) Sandstone
D) Granite
Quarzite
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This non-foliated
metamorphic rock
comes from heat
and pressure being
added to:
A) Shale
B) Limestone
C) Sandstone
D) Granite
Gneiss
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This foliated
metamorphic rock
comes from heat
and pressure being
added to:
A) Shale
B) Limestone
C) Sandstone
D) Granite
Q: What rock are you most likely to
find fossils in?
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Could a fossil be found in igneous rock?
What is igneous rock formed from?
What would happen if an animal was buried by lava?
Could a fossil be found in metamorphic rock?
How does metamorphic rock form?
What would happen if an animal was in a rock that became metamorphic?
Could a fossil be found in sedimentary rock?
How does sedimentary rock form?
What would happen if an animal was in a rock that became sedimentary?
Interesting rock cycle places
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Arches National
Park,
Utah