Transcript Civil Engineering Structures

CE 410
Soil Mechanics
LESSON OBJECTIVES
 Explain
in engineering terms the difference
between rock and soil.
 Explain what is soil composed of.
 Explain the different types of rocks.
CE 410
SOILS
 Composed of particles:
 Solid matter
 Air
 Water
 Particles
result due to weathering, decomposition
and disintegration of rock and decay of
vegetation.
 Rock becomes soil, soil becomes consolidated
under pressure and heat to form rock.
CE 410
ROCK VERSUS SOIL
No absolute distinction between
Engineering view
 If
rock and soil
point:
soil can be removed without blasting, it is soil.
 Otherwise, it is rock.
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TYPES OF ROCKS
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
Formed when
molten matter from volcanoes
cools.
Examples:
 Granite
(see pic)
 Syenites
 Diorites
 Basalt
 Rhyolites
CE 410
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Majority of
earth’s surface
Formed when rock particles and certain
organisms are transported by wind, water,
and ice and deposited into layers.
Examples:
 Shale
(see pic)
 Sandstone
 Limestone
 Dolomite
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Less
common
Formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks
change texture as well as mineral and
chemical composition due to heat, pressure,
and shear.
Examples:
 Granite
becomes gneiss (pic)
 Shale becomes slate
CE 410