Transcript Scotland rocks! - Dynamic Learning

Scotland Rocks!
Why are some parts of Scotland steep and
some parts of Scotland flat?
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
The reason the Scottish Landscape is so varied is because it is
made up of lots of different types of rocks all of which have
different forces acting upon them shaping the landscape.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
There are three main types of rock:
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Igneous rocks
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed from the compressed remains of other
rocks. They tend to form under water and often contain fossils.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Igneous rocks
Igneous rocks are formed from within the earth’s crust from
the cooling of molten material they are sometimes extruded
onto the earth surface (for example at volcanoes).
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Metamorphic
rocks
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Metamorphic rocks have been
changed and hardened by extreme
heat from molten rocks within the
crust or have been made by great
pressure caused by earth movements.
The Geology
of Scotland
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Characteristics of rocks
Some rocks are relatively
soft (eg: salt)…
…while others are
relatively hard.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Characteristics of rocks
Some rocks are permeable – they allow water to drain through them
easily. Others are impermeable and keep all water on the surface.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
All rocks, even
the hardest
ones, have
weaknesses.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
What shapes the land?
All over the Earth, rivers, waves, glaciers and the
wind are hard at work, shaping the landscape.
We call them geological agents.
They pick up or erode
weathered material...
they carry or transport
it somewhere else...
then they drop or
deposit it.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Sennen Cove, Cornwall
Ocean waves, created
by the wind, crash into
the coastline and over
time erode to form
caves, stacks, stumps
and arches.
Chesil Beach, Dorset
Waves drag sediment
along coast and deposit
material in sheltered
coves forming beaches.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Kirkaig Falls
Kirkaig Falls
Rivers flow over rocks of different
resistance, eroding them at
different speeds to create
impressive waterfalls.
Volga Delta
When rivers reach the sea they
lose energy and deposit sediment
that can form large deltas.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
The wind picks up
small particles of
rock and blows it
into bigger rocks
slowly eroding and
scratching them
away over time.
In some hot deserts,
when the wind
drops in speed and
loses energy, it
deposits sand
forming sand dunes.
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Glaciers erode by
plucking and abrading
rocks from the valley
sides.
Austwick, North Yorkshire
Mer de Glace, France
When the ice melts
some of these rocks are
deposited and left
behind. (Erratic)
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012
Your Turn!
Read pages: 16 and 17
Answer Questions: 1–3
Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012