Transcript Cells
Cells History of the cell When Robert Hooke viewed a thin cutting of cork he discovered empty spaces contained by walls, and termed them pores, or cells. The term cells stuck and Hooke gained credit for discovering the building blocks of all life. Robert Hooke (Link) Cell Theory in Pictures Three parts to Cell Theory: 1. Cells are the Building Blocks of Life = Cells 2. All life processes take place in Cells 3. New cells come from existing cells = Organism Two Different Cell types • Prokaryotic- “simple” cells (ex. Bacteria) • Eukaryotic- “complex” (complejo) cells Prokaryotic • Most living things you are familiar with (including humans) have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic ANIMAL CELL http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm Cells under the Microscope Cells under the Microscope Blood Cells Lung Cells Brain Cells Egg Cells Heart Cells Sperm Cells The Nucleus (The Brain of the Cell) Nucleus- The Control Center of the cell Functions: directs all cell activities “the Boss,” contains DNA Descriptions: Generally located in the center of the cell, surrounded by a membrane Chromosomes- Threadlike material of DNA that contains genes Gene- Piece of DNA that Contains information about organisms characteristics – Eye color, height, etc. So, What is DNA? (Click me to find out) Cell Membrane Description: Protective layer around all cells. If the cell does have a cell wall the cell membrane is inside of it. Function: Controls what comes in and out of the cell. Water moves freely through this membrane. Cytoplasm Function: holds the organelles in place. Description: Gel-like material; the “goop” of the cell Cytoskeleton is found in cytoplasm. Helps cells change or keep their shapes. Organelles are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria Description: peanut shaped in cells Function: Energy is stored and released in the mitochondria (“Powerhouse” of cell). Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Endoplasmic Reticulum “ER” Endoplasmic reticulum (like factory conveyor belts) Function: moves materials from one part to another in the cell. Description: folded, or maze-like that goes from nucleus to cell membrane. Smooth type: has no ribosomes Rough type (pictured): has ribosomes in surface Ribosomes Function: creates proteins Each cell contains thousands Description: Found on ER and floating throughout the cell’s cytoplasm Golgi Bodies Golgi bodies (like the factory packing and shipping department) Description: Stacked, flattened membranes Function: Sorts, transports and packages proteins and other materials in the cell Moves materials within the cell Moves materials out of the cell Lysosomes Lysosomes (like the factory waste management dpartment): “trash can” of the cell Break down and recycle substances Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes or ruptures Vacoules Description: membrane-bound sacks (the “storage container” of the cell) Function: stores water, food, and waste products.Help plants maintain shape- very large in plants Chloroplasts (plants only) Chloroplasts (like factory solar energy plants) Description: Green and bean shaped organelles Turns energy from the sun (with CO2 and water) into food Function: Contains green chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place Cell Wall(plants only) Description: Surrounds a plant cell Function: protects the cell and gives it shape. Cell membrane is still in plants, but the cell wall is the outer most layer. PLANT CELL http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm http://news.discovery.com/videos/earth-frozen-fruit-death.html What makes a plant cell different from an animal cell? Chloroplasts – made from the chemical chlorophyll (C55H72O5N4Mg) Used for PhotosynthesisMakes food for the plant Cell Wall- The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants Bigger Vacuole Rigid/Defined Shape LAB TIME- Animal Cell LAB TIME- Plant Cell Reflection Draw a cell and label at least 5 of the organelles. Summarize the three parts to cell theory. Compare and contrast the plant cell and the animal cell. Point out the importance of why plant cells cannot freeze Develop a plan of action to keep your cell healthy. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA, is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. Back to Cells