Transcript Document

7R Chemistry Review
1. All matter is made up
of
ATOMS.
2. Identify each labeled structure in the atom.
Describe the charge for each particle.
A
B
A – Electron
Electrons have a
negative charge.
B – Neutron
Neutrons have no
charge (neutral).
C - Proton
C
Protons have a
positive charge.
3.Where are protons and neutrons
found in an atom?
In the nucleus of an atom.
4. Where are electrons found in an
atom?
Outside the nucleus of an atom.
5. Which subatomic particle
would be found outside the
nucleus of an atom?
ELECTRON
6. A positively charged
particle is a
PROTON.
7. Which of the following is
not an element?
1. oxygen
3. sodium
chloride
2. hydrogen 4. nitrogen
8. A chemical formula like
CO2 represents
1. an element
3. an atom
2.an electron 4. a compound
9. A substance made up of two
or more elements that have
been chemically combined is a
COMPOUND.
10. A substance made up of
two or more elements that
have been physcially
combined is a
MIXTURE.
11. A substance that cannot
be changed into simpler
substances by a chemical
change is called a (an)
1. element.
3. liquid.
2. solid.
4. mixture.
12. Element or Compound?
a. Carbon (C) element
b. Carbon dioxide (CO2) compound
c. Water (H2O) compound
d. Nitrogen (N) element
e. Glucose (C6H12O6) compound
13.
14.
Oxygen and hydrogen
15.
6
16. Label the following diagrams:
• Compound, element, mixture
A
element
B
mixture
C
element
D
compound
17. Sand and iron particles that are
similar in size and color are mixed
together in a beaker. What would
be the best method of separating
the particles?
1. Use tweezers to separate them.
2. Add water to the mixture.
3. Use a magnet to separate them.
4. Pour the mixture into a filter.
18. The substances in a mixture can be
separated by physical means because
1. no chemical change occurs when the
substances are combined.
2. the physical and chemical properties
of the substances change.
3. none of the properties of the
substances change.
4. the chemical, but not the physical,
properties of the substances change.
19. For the following
pictures, identify whether
a physical or chemical
change is occurring.
Physical
Chemical
Chemical
Physical
Physical
Chemical
20.
The chemical composition of the can did not change. It is still made of
aluminum.
21. Identify the different phases of
matter.
• Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
22. The particles of a substance are
closest together in a _____.
• solid
23. The particles of a substance that
does not have a definite volume or
shape is ____.
• gas
24. Identify the different phases of
matter, shown in the diagram below.
A
gas
B
liquid
C
solid
25. The particles of a substance are closest together in a
____.
•
solid
26. The particles of a substance that does not have a definite
volume or shape is ______.
•
gas
27. When a liquid becomes a solid, heat is ____ and the
process is called_________.
•
Released, freezing
28. ______ is the process in which liquid changes to gas.
•
evaporation
29. Matter is anything that has
•
and _________.
Mass and volume
30. Identify the following as a physical or chemical change:
a. Bending a Paper Clip.
•
physical
b. Melting ice into water.
•
physical
c. Baking a cake batter into a cake.
•
chemical
d. The rusting of a nail
•
chemical
31.
solid
liquid
32.
33.
34. Identify the solid, liquid and gas! Support your answer.
Gas
- Atoms are
very loosely
packed
Solid
Liquid
- Atoms are
tightly
packed
- Atoms are
loosely
packed
35. Identify the phase change
described.
a. Solid to liquid: melting
b. Gas to liquid: condensation
c. Liquid to solid: freezing
d. Solid to gas: sublimation
e. Liquid to gas: vaporization
36. For each phase change describe
whether energy is RELEASED or
ABSORBED.
a. Melting:ABSORBED
b. Freezing: RELEASED
c. Vaporization:ABSORBED
d. Sublimation:ABSORBED
e. Condensation: RELEASED
37. The particles of a
substance are closest
together in
1. a solid
2. a liquid
3. a gas
4. plasma
38. The particles of a
substance move most readily
in
1. a solid
2. a liquid
3. a gas
39. The particles of a
substance that does not have
a definite volume or shape is
1. a solid
2. a liquid
3. a gas
40. When a liquid becomes a
solid, energy
1. does not change
2. is released
3. is absorbed
4. is first absorbed, then
released
41. _______ is the process in
which liquid changes to gas.
1. Sublimation 3. Condensation
2. Evaporation 4. Combustion
42. The change of a liquid to a
solid is called
1. freezing
3. melting
2. sublimation
4. vaporization
43. When substances go directly
from the solid phase to the gas
phase, the phase change is
called
1. sublimation
2. condensation
3. evaporation
4. vaporization
44. What happens to the position
of water molecules as they lose
heat energy?
• The slow down and move
closer together.
45.
a. Atomic mass:
•79.9
b. Mass number:
•80
c. # of protons:
•35
d. # of electrons:
•35
e. # neutrons:
•45
f. Atomic #:
•35
46.
a. Atomic mass:
•112.41
b. Mass number:
•112
c. # of protons:
•48
d. # of electrons:
•48
e. # neutrons:
•64
f. Atomic #:
•48
47. All samples of an element are
composed of atoms with the
same
1. atomic mass
2.atomic number
3.number of protons and
neutrons
4.number of neutrons
48.
1
H
Hydrogen
1.01
14
Si
Silicon
28.09
3
Li
Lithium
6.94
1. What is the atomic number for lithium?
18
Ar
Argon
39.95
3
2. How many protons does an atom of Si have? 14
3. What is the atomic mass for Argon?
39.95
4. How many electrons does an atom of H have?
5. How many neutrons are in an atom of Li?
1
4
6. How many electrons are in an atom of Si? 14
7. How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of Argon?
40
49.
50.
51.
52. Explain how the periodic table of elements
is arranged.
• They are arranged according to atomic
number.
53. Elements at the left of the periodic table
are known as ______.
• metals
54. Elements at the right of the periodic table
are known as _______.
• nonmetals
55. Explain some of the properties of metals.
• They are malleable, ductile, have luster,
and are good conductors of heat and
electricity
56. Explain some of the properties of
nonmetals.
• They are brittle, have no luster and they
are not good conductors of heat and
electricity.
57.
a.
b.
Cd, Cu
Br, P
c.
Group 18
58.
59. Use a periodic table to help you identify each
element. Give its symbol for the answer.
a. I am a member of the Boron
family with 49 protons.
In
b. I have a total of 74 electrons in
an atom.
c. I have an atomic mass of
55.847.
Fe
d. I have 8 neutrons in an atom.
O
W
60.
The elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium are all
found in the same group (16) on the table. What do we know
about the elements in that family?
They have the same (BUT NOT
IDENTICAL) properties.
61.
a. In what family is neon found? Family 18
b. What do we call those elements in that
group? Noble gases
62.
Which element is a metalloid?
1. S (Sulfur) 3. Si (Silicon)
2. Ba (Barium) 4. Br (Bromine)
63.
Explain what occurs to the atomic
number when moving from left to
right on the periodic table.
Atomic number increases.
64.
Fill in the correct number for each letter
using the information provided.
Element
Atomic
Number
Atomic
Mass
# of
Protons
# of
Neutrons
# of
Electrons
Mg
12
24
A
B
C
P
15
D
E
16
F
K
G
39
H
I
19
The answers are …
Element
Atomic #
Atomic
Mass
Mg
12
24
P
15
K
19
G
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
12
A
B
12
C
12
D
31
E
15
16
F
15
39
19
H
20
I
19
65. Which three elements have
the most similar chemical
properties?
1. Ar, Kr, Br
2.K, Rb, Cs
3.B, C, N
4.O, N, Si
66. Which element is a noble
gas?
1. hydrogen
2.oxygen
3.neon
4.nitrogen
80. Explain the difference between an acid and
a base.
• An acid has an excess of H+ ions and a
base has an excess of OH- ions.
81. Identify 2 examples of acids.
• Hydrochloric acid, lemon juice
82. Identify 2 examples of bases.
• Soap, drain cleaner
83. What does the pH scale measure?
• The strength of an acid or base.
67. What does it mean when a substance is
neutral?
• It is not an acid or a base.
68. What pH would neutral substance have?
• 7
69. Which numbers on the pH scale represent
an acid?
• Any number below 7.
70. Classify each of the following as acidic,
neutral, or basic
a) pH = 2.3
acidic
b) pH = 6.5 acidic
c) pH = 8.5 basic
d) pH = 11.7 basic
e) pH = 13.4 basic
f) pH = 7.0 neutral