Transcript MCAS BIOLOGY REVIEW Cell Biology

Ms. Mezzetti
Lynn English High School
Science Department
Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions.
ORGANELLE
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
plasma
membrane
protects, supports and is semipermeableallows substances in and out of cell
nucleus
contains DNA/chromosomes which controls
cell’s activities
nuclear
envelope
surrounds nucleus, lets mRNA leave nucleus
cytoplasm
everything between nucleus and plasma
membrane
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal
&recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside
cells
storage
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
builds proteins
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
ER
helps finish proteins & ships proteins
makes membranes
Animal Cell
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
transport inside
cells
storage
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
food digestion
garbage disposal
&recycling
protects DNA
controls cell
builds proteins
finishes, packages
helps finish proteins & ships proteins
makes membranes
Animal Cell-Identify the organelles
nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship
proteins
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
nucleolus
make ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
ribosomes
make proteins
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
cell wall
support
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
make ribosomes
control cell
protects DNA
processes proteins
makes membranes
make proteins
jelly-like material
around organelles
finish & ship
proteins
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
storage: food,
water or waste
support
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
Plant Cell-name the organelles
FLAGELLUM
CILIA
PSEUDOPOD
Found mostly in animal cells; all used for cell movement
Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly
selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated
diffusion, and active transport).
Osmosis – diffusion of water
Compare and contrast, at the cellular level,
prokaryotes and eukaryotes (general structures
and degrees of complexity).
PROKARYOTES
BOTH
EUKARYOTES
No nucleus
DNA
Membrane bound
nucleus
No membrane
bound organelles
Ribosomes
Membrane bound
organelles-ER; golgi
bodies; mitochondria;
lysosome
Bacteria
Plasma
membrane
Animal, plant, protist
and fungi cells
Simple cells
Cytoplasm
Complex cells
2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES
Use cellular evidence:
cell structure
cell number,
cell reproduction
modes of nutrition
to describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria,
Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia).
2.3 SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE
Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes
of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
• Takes place in the chloroplasts of plants
• Produces glucose plants convert to starch for
storage, cellulose for structure and ATP for
energy.
Takes place in the mitochondria
Process produces ATP
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Anaerobic- no oxygen; fermentation; takes place
in cytosol
2.4: Explain the interrelated nature of
photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cells
of photosynthetic organisms.
• Plants are autotrophsproduce their own food
• Animals are
heterotrophs-rely on
other organisms for their
nutrition (food).
Describe the cell cycle and the process of
mitosis.
2.6: MITOSIS
Explain the role of mitosis
in the formation of new
cells, and its importance
in maintaining
chromosome number
during asexual
reproduction.
• Purpose of mitosis is
for growth and repair
in somatic (body cells)
• Viruses can contain DNA
and RNA
• Viruses can not
reproduce on their own
• They need to invade a
host cell to reproduce
• Bacteriophages invade
bacteria; inject their DNA
into the host cell