Transcript MCAS Biology Cell review

MCAS BIOLOGY
REVIEW
Cell Biology
Ms. Mezzetti
Lynn English High School
Science Department
2.1: CELL ORGANELLES
Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions.
ORGANELLE
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
plasma
membrane
protects, supports and is
semipermeable-allows substances in
and out of cell
nucleus
contains DNA/chromosomes which
controls cell’s activities
nuclear
envelope
surrounds nucleus, lets mRNA leave
nucleus
cytoplasm
everything between nucleus and
plasma membrane
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
transport inside
cells
storage
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
food digestion
garbage disposal
&recycling
protects DNA
controls cell
builds proteins
finishes, packages
helps finish proteins & ships proteins
makes membranes
Animal Cell-Identify the organelles
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal
&recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside
cells
storage
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
builds proteins
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
ER
helps finish proteins & ships proteins
makes membranes
Animal
make ribosomes
control cell
protects DNA
processes proteins
makes membranes
make proteins
jelly-like material
around organelles
finish & ship
proteins
storage: food,
water or waste
support
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
Plant Cell-name the
nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship
proteins
nucleolus
make ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
ribosomes
make proteins
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
cell wall
support
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
Plant Cell
2.1: CELL ORGANELLES
FLAGELLUM
CILIA
PSEUDOPOD
Found mostly in animal cells; all used for cell
movement
2.1 Role of cell membrane
Explain the role of cell membranes as a
highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis,
facilitated diffusion, and active transport).
Role of cell membrane-osmosis
Osmosis – diffusion of water
2.2:
PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES
Compare and contrast, at the cellular level,
prokaryotes and eukaryotes (general
structures and degrees of complexity).
PROKARYOTES
No nucleus
BOTH
DNA
EUKARYOTES
Membrane bound
nucleus
No membrane
Ribosome Membrane bound
bound organelles s
organelles-ER;
golgi bodies;
mitochondria;
lysosome
Bacteria
Plasma
Animal, plant,
membrane protist and fungi
cells
Simple cells
Cytoplasm Complex cells
2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES
2.3 CELLULAR EVIDENCE FOR 6
KINGDOMS
Use cellular evidence:
cell structure
cell number,
cell reproduction
modes of nutrition
to describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria,
Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae,
Animalia).
7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
2.3 SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE
2.4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Identify the reactants, products, and basic
purposes of photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
• Takes place in the chloroplasts of plants
• Produces glucose plants convert to starch for
storage, cellulose for structure and ATP for
energy.
2.4 CELL RESPIRATION
Takes place in the mitochondria
Process produces ATP
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Anaerobic- no oxygen; fermentation; takes
place in cytosol
2.4: Explain the interrelated nature of
photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the
cells of photosynthetic organisms.
•
•
Plants are autotrophsproduce their own
food
Animals are
heterotrophs-rely on
other organisms for
their nutrition (food).
2.5 Explain the important role that ATP
serves in metabolism.
2.6 MITOSIS/CELL CYCLE
Describe the cell cycle and the process of
mitosis.
2.6: MITOSIS
Explain the role of
mitosis in the formation
of new cells, and its
importance in
maintaining
chromosome number
during asexual
reproduction.
•Purpose of mitosis is for
growth and repair in
somatic (body cells)
2.7 Meiosis-Describe how the
process of meiosis results in the
formation of haploid cells.
2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and
a cell in terms of genetic material and
reproduction.
•
•
•
•
Viruses can contain
DNA and RNA
Viruses can not
reproduce on their
own
They need to invade a
host cell to reproduce
Bacteriophages
invade bacteria; inject
their DNA into the host
cell