Transcript Periodic Table 3

Periodic Table 3
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen is diatomic (comes in a pair).
• Highly reactive (explosive)
• Hindenburg – famous German zeppelin
(airship) that blew up (should have used
Helium).
Alkali Metals
• Group 1 (Lithium, Sodium, Potassium,
Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium)
• Very reactive
• Can cut with a butter knife (very soft)
• Always combines with something else.
• Reacts very violently with water
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Group 2 elements
• Very reactive metals that tend to combine
with non-metals (right side of Periodic table)
IMPORTANT TO YOUR HEALTH
Ca (Calcium)
Mg (Magnesium) deficient =
muscle spasms, and has been associated with
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood
pressure, anxiety disorders, migraines and
osteoporosis
Transition Metals
• Groups 3-12
• Harder metals that are not as reactive
• Jewelry/construction/money
Group 14
• Without carbon, there would not be life on
this planet. We humans are carbon based life
forms. Plants are carbon based life forms.
• Silicon / Germanium (Semiconductors)
Group 15
• Nitrogen (3/4 of our atmosphere) – 75%
• Phosphorus (ends of matches)
IMPORTANT TO OUR BODIES
• Phosphorus is a component of DNA and RNA
and an essential element for all living cells.
VERY BAD POISON
Arsenic – kills you
Halogens
• Group 17 (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine,
Astatine,
• Volatile (Very reactive)
• Does not appear alone (diatomic) – comes in
pairs
BAD FOR OUR BODY
Fluorine /chlorine Gas – poisonous - - causes
severe skin burns
Noble Gases
• They are noble (don’t fight for
electrons…..don’t give up electrons) so they are
un-reactive (don’t fight)
• Does not come in pairs
• Neon (Used in neon signs)
• Helium (Used in balloons)
Metalloids / Staircase
• A metalloid is an element that has some
characteristics of metals and non-metals.
• They form a staircase on the Periodic Table (on
the border) of metals/non-metals.
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Boron (B)
Polonium (Po)
Silicon (Si)
Tellurium (Te)
Germanium (Ge) Antimony (Sb)
Arsenic (As)
Our BODY
• Carbon, the basic unit for organic molecules,
comes in second. 99% of the mass of the human
body is made up of just six elements: oxygen,
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and
phosphorus.
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Oxygen (65%)
Carbon (18%)
Hydrogen (10%)
Nitrogen (3%)
Calcium (1.5%)
Phosphorus (1.0%)
Symbols/Names
• For the last part of the assignment, you need a
Periodic Table.
• You look on the Periodic Table to answer the
questions.
For example, when they give you the symbol Na,
you look for Na and give its name (sodium).
When they give you its name (sodium), you give its
symbol (Na).
Periodic Table- 4
• The Periodic Table shows all the elements.
Each element is made up of atoms.
Element Symbol
• An element symbol is a short abbreviation….
• Silicon’s symbol is (Si)
Atoms
• Atoms have an atomic number, number of
protons, number of electrons, number of
neutrons, and mass number.
Atomic Number
• The atomic number tells
you the number of
protons and electrons.
• When the atomic
number is 81, then
there are 81 protons
and 81 electrons.
Atomic Mass
• The atomic mass of an
element is the mass of
1 mole of each atom.
• If they ask for the mass
of 2 moles of
atoms…..you times the
atomic mass number by
2.
Mass of 1 mole of sulfur atoms = 32
Mass of 2 moles of sulfur atoms 2(32)
= 64
Neutrons.
• The Neutrons of an atom can be found by the
mass number minus the number of protons.
Oxygen’s mass number = 16
Oxygen’s number of protons = 8
(Mass number) – (Number of protons) = Neutrons
(16) - (8)
= 8
Inner Transition Metals
• The radioactive
isotopes on the
Periodic Table can
be found in the
Inner Transitional
Metals.
• The actinides
(bottom row) are
radioactive.
Decay
• The center (nucleus) of
each radioactive
isotope is unstable
…which means it decays
(breaks down) trying to
get to a more stable
state of being.
Synthetic Radioactive Isotopes
• Most of the actinides
are synthetic (manmade).
• Thorium, Protactinium,
and Uranium are the
few that are found
naturally on earth.
Alpha Particles
• Alpha particles are
completely
stopped by a sheet
of paper.
Beta Particles
• Beta Particles are
stopped by
aluminum
shielding.
Gamma Particles
• Gamma Particles
require much
thicker dense
materials such as a
block of lead to
stop them.