Transcript Chapter 4.1
Chapter 4.1
Atomic Theory
Atom
Smallest particle of an element that has
all the properties of that element
Atomic theory is the study of the nature
of atoms and how atoms combine to
form all types of matter.
Atomic Theory
Subatomic particles come together to form atoms
Particles:
1. Protons – positive particles in the nucleus
-charge is +1
-# protons = atomic #
2. Electrons – negative particles on orbits around
the nucleus
-charge is -1
-# electons = # protons= atomic #
3. Neutrons – neutral particles in the nucleus
-charge is 0
-#neutrons= mass-atomic #
Structure of the Atom
Valence
shell
Electron orbit
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams
Rules:
1. Calculate PEN
2. Write the number of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus with the
elemental symbol
3. Draw the number of electrons on orbits
(2 on the first, 8 on the second, 8 on
the third, unlimited on the fourth)
Draw the bohr diagram for Calcium
Draw the Bohr diagram for Oxygen
Lewis symbols
A shorthand method of drawing
representation of an element
It shows the atomic symbol and valence
electrons are draw surrounding the
symbol
Example: Calcium
Oxygen
Homework
Complete the Bohr diagrams for the first
20 elements