Transcript UKP_SriLanka

URBAN KNOWLEDGE PLATFORM
Nepal
Overview
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Urbanization Trend
Experiences
Major Achievements
Issues and Problems
Challenges
Lessons Learnt
Urbanization Trend
Year
Total
No. of
Urban
Level of
population municipalities population Urbanization
(Millions)
(‘000)
1971
9.4
16
339
4.0
1981
15.2
23
962
6.3
1991
18.1
33
1629
9.0
2001
23.2
58
3228
13.9
2011
26.6
58
4500
17.0
Key Experiences
• Traditional towns planned as compact settlements with
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inclusive designs
Conventional land use and physical development plans
Failure of Physical Development Plans
Innovations in planning like Integrated Action
Planning, Periodic Plans
Land Development: GLD, Land pooling, etc.
Urban Regeneration/Upgrading.
Real estate development and organized housing and
financing.
Major Achievements
• Land development programs have guided the provision of
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infrastructure.
Opening up of new resources with increased access to land:
land pooling projects made lots of resources available and
made them more accessible to people.
Empowerment and decentralization with stronger local
leadership through capacity building and innovations in
planning.
People are empowered with increase in awareness as they
become engaged in community action for urban
development and environment improvement.
Increasing access to finance for housing, real estate, and
urban development. Enormous investments were made in
housing and real estates. Savings mobilized through housing
finance and infrastructure investments.
Issues and problems
• Increasing disparity with regional imbalances and formation
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of slums and squatters
Adverse impacts of globalization in terms of livability and
poverty reduction with exposure to unsustainable culture
from out side
Sprawl growth and environmental and commuting problems
Under-utilization of existing infrastructure already in place
Poor maintenance and operation of public utilities
Irregular provision of services
Decreasing access of the poor to shelter, jobs, infrastructure,
and services also due to market distortion
Increasing cost of environmental services
Lack of good governance: unwillingness to serve the
people, lack of accountability etc.
Challenges
• Increasing deprivation, exclusion, and conflicts
• Provision of housing, infrastructure and services to the
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growing population while reducing per capita GHG
emissions
Mitigation of Climate Change impacts while coping with
growing economic activities
Failure to adapt to and cope with climate change disasters
lead to environmental deterioration in cities
Worsening condition of environment with depletion of
environmental resources
Decreasing productivity due to lack of adequate
infrastructure and services
Lessons Learnt
• As conventional ways have proved to be not
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sufficient, the traditional ways will also co-exist in
the production of urban services.
The blending of the two should be based on
combined sustainability.
In order to ensure the viability of community
produced services, these need to be integrated with
the city wide networks.
• It is not necessarily good for a society in transition to
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move to modern ways of living. The need to depend
on the community decreases as the family income
increases but this is not the solution as the family
during the transition sacrifices most of the things it
had been enjoying.
Integrate culture and development by working with
the people and providing them technological options
to make full use of the cultural resources.
Encourage training and HRD activities and build
capacity for inclusive designs.
• Nepal’s traditional towns are becoming less inclusive
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over time due to the failure to transform in line with the
modern trends.
There is an erosion of cultural and religious values.
There is a shift towards unsustainable ways of living .
Reliance on outside economies is increasing.
Cities face increasing and a diverse set of problems
relating to different population cohorts/groups.
The failure to retain social networks with mutual help
leads to the loss of inclusiveness in the society.
Thank you !!!