Transcript Human Geography

Human Geography
Lesson 1: The World’s People
EQ: How do people adapt to their environment?
3B , 4B , 4C , 4D , 7A , 7B , 15E , 18A , 22A
•3B The student is expected to: pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns for various world
regions and countries shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases;
•4B The student is expected to: identify and explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population in places
and regions;
•4C The student is expected to: explain ways in which human migration influences the character of places and regions;
•4D The student is expected to: identify and locate major physical and human geographic features such as landforms, water
bodies, and urban centers of various places and regions;
•7A The student is expected to: identify and analyze ways people have adapted to the physical environment in various
places and regions;
•7B The student is expected to: identify and analyze ways people have modified the physical environment such as mining,
irrigation, and transportation infrastructure; and
•15E The student is expected to: analyze the similarities and differences among various world societies; and
•18A The student is expected to: explain the relationships that exist between societies and their architecture, art, music,
and literature;
•22A The student is expected to: use social studies terminology correctly;
Textbook, pg. 86, Chapter 3,
Lesson 1
The World’s People
1800
World population was about 860 million people.
Next 100 Years
Doubled to nearly 1.7 billion people.
2013
Passed 7 billion people.
Earth’s Growing Population
EQ: What factors contribute to Earth’s constantly rising population?
Death rate: the number of deaths
compared to the total number of
individuals in a population in a
given time.
Birthrate: the number of babies
born compared to the total
number of individuals in a
population at a given time.
On average, 154,080 people die
each day worldwide.
On average, about 215,120 babies
are born each day worldwide.
When the Birthrate is larger than the Death rate,
population increases.
Falling Death Rate
Better Health Care
Causes of
Population
Growth
Availability of Food
Rising Birthrates
Cleaner Water
Effects
Cultures are
Blended and
Enriched
Resources
are Used
Quickly
Environments
are Polluted
Cities Grow and
Urbanization
Endangers Natural
Areas
Doubling Time
The number of years it takes a
population to double in size based
on its current growth rate.
In some parts of Asia and Africa,
the doubling time is 25 years or
less.
It can be short or long.
Canada, on the other hand, the
doubling time of countries with
slow growth rates can be more
than 75 years.
Global Growth Rate is Slowing
Despite the fact that the global population is growing, the rate of
growth is gradually slowing.
The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs predicts
that the world’s population will peak at 9 billion by the year 2050.
After that, the population will begin to decrease.
Population Challenges
When the population of an already crowded are continues to grow,
serious problems can arise.
• Diseases spread quickly
• Lack of jobs and work for people
• Household live in ongoing poverty
• Crime rates spike in large population areas
Population growth is different in different areas so
these problems are more severe than in other places.
What is the difference between
the birthrate and death rate?
Population Patterns
EQ: Why do more people live in some parts of the world than in others?
Some families live in the same
town or on the same land for
generations. Others people
frequently move from place to
place.
Why do you think that some
people move frequently while
others never move or stay in the
same area?
Where are they located?
Population Distribution: the
geographical pattern of where
people live on Earth.
Population Density: the average
number of people living within a
square mile or a square kilometer.
Population distribution is uneven
across the planet. Large population
areas occur because of jobs, religion,
or government transportation
services.
To say that an area is densely
populated means the area has a
large number of people living within
it.
Population density for a country is
the average for the entire country.
Where People are Located
Urban: areas that are densely
populated.
Rural areas are sparsely
populated.
Land Vs. Water
People in habit only a small part
of the Earth.
Land covers only 30% of Earth’s
surface.
½ of that is not usable to Humans.
Only 15% of the Earth’s surface is
habitable.
Deserts, oceans, and
mountaintops are mostly
uninhabited.
Reasons Why People Settle in an Area
The Main reasons are
• Shelter
• Food
• Water
• A way to learn a living
Some people live in cities, which
have many places to live and
work.
Other people make their homes
on open glasslands where they
build their own shelters, grow
their own food, and raise
livestock.
Give on example of an Urban
Area and one example of a Rural
Area.
Population Movement
EQ: What are the causes and effects of human migration?
The populations of different areas
change as people move from one
area to another.
Migration: people moving from
one place to another.
Emigrate: to leave one’s home to
live in another place.
Immigrate: to enter and live in a
new country.
Refugee: people who flee a
country because of violence, war,
or persecution.
Push and Pull Factors
The reasons for leaving one area
and going to another are called
push-pull factors.
Push factors drive people from an
area.
Pull factors attract people to an
area.
The movement of people from
one area to another can affect the
land, resources, culture, and
economy of an area.
Some of these effects are positive,
but others can be harmful.
Human
Rights
Issues
Causes of
Migration
War
Poverty
Family Issues
Cultures are
Blended and
Enriched
Lack of
Opportunities
Effects of
Migration
Cities Grow and Urbanization
Endangers Natural Areas
Resources are
Used Quickly
Environments
are polluted
Causes of Urbanization
Urbanization: when cities grow
larger and spread into surrounding
areas.
Migration is a primary reason that
urbanization occurs.
People move to cities for many
reasons.
• To find jobs
• Business opportunities
• Transportation and trade centers
• Medical services
• Education
• Entertainment
• Housing
• Food sectors
Effects of Urbanization
As more people migrate to cities,
urban areas become increasingly
crowded.
• Cities expand
• Farmland is turned into homes,
apartment buildings, factories,
offices, schools, and stores
• Loss of farmland means:
• Food must be grown further
from cities
• Adding additional shipping
• Increasing pollution
• Cities grow into each other
Megalopolis: a huge city or
cluster of cities with an extremely
large population.
Megalopolis
The term megalopolis was coined in 1961 by French geographer Jean
Gottmann after he spent two decades in an area of the United States
that stretches from New Hampshire to Washington, D.C. In his study,
he argued that as population growth increased in the cities in this
region, people moved to smaller nearby areas that grew into large
suburbs and “merged” with other metropolitan regions in the area.
Question:
In your own words, briefly summarize the main reasons people
emigrate from their homelands.