Transcript Cities-Contributing_.. - Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni

Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Cities:
Contributing
to and
impacted by
climate change
Jennifer Lenhart
EMA Promotions Team
Coordinator
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Climate advocacy
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Recognition
• News media and public
acceptance
– Climate change is happening
• Role of mitigation
– Infrastructure, policy and
behaviour
• And Adaptation
– Capacity-Building, Awareness and
Incorporating Natural Services
• Where do cities fit in?
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Urbanisation: A global trend
• Globally: 50% urban
– 60 million/year
• 2030: 60% of global population
– circa 3.8 billion
– 80% of the global urban
population growth
• Megacities
– 2004: 19 cities with +10 million
inhabitants
– 2015: 27 mega-cities (23 in
developing countries)
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Role and Responsibility of Cities
• Economic growth and opportunity
– Environmental Consequences
• 50% percent of global population
– Estimated 50 – 80% of global GHGs
• Cities occupy < 5% of global landmass
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Estimated 75% of energy consumption
Natural resources consumption
Waste Production
Emissions (transport of goods and people,
buildings, industry)
– Habitat fragmentation and land uptake
– Loss of biodiversity
• Urban sprawl
– Changing demographics
– Houses built in periphery
– Longer Travel times and transport emissions
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Urban Density vs CO2 Emissions
350
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population density
150
carbon emissions
100
50
0
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Role and responsibility of cities
Cities do
significantly
influence climate
change, but how
does and will
climate change
impact cities?
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Global challenges, local impacts
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Sea level rise
Coastal Erosion
Heat and cold waves
Droughts
Intensive rains
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Extreme weather events
• Tropical cyclones and coastal cities
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Extreme weather events
• Flooding and landslides
• Drought
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Extreme weather
• Different cities will
experience different
impacts
• Most of the world’s urban
population reside in illequipped cities
– Half of the world’s
population lives within 60
kilometres of the sea
– 3/4 of all large cities are
located by the coast and will
need to prepare
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Informal settlements
• UN-Habitat estimates 1
billion reside in slums and
marginalized settlements
– 30 to 40% are located in
areas prone to floods,
landslides and other natural
disasters – exacerbated by
climate change
• Substandard housing and
infrastructure
– Poor drainage and waste
management
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Cities: A platform to address CC
• Cites and climate change
– Opportunity to reduce emissions
and severity of impacts
• Mitigation strategies:
– Local (alterative) energy
– Investments in public and private
infrastructure
– Energy efficiency in buildings
– Better transport
– Urban planning and densification
– Information campaigns
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Climate Adaptation
• Vulnerable cities – weak natural
defenses
– Slum upgrading
– Clearing drainage systems
– Reinforcing sea walls
– Mangroves and natural defenses
• Adaptation strategies best
applied at the local level
– Inclusion of green belts in cities
and water
– Climate-adaptable infrastructure
– Improve disaster preparedness
and prevention at the local level
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Urban Responses to climate change
• ICLEI Cities for
Climate Protection
• UN-Habitat CCCI
• Clinton Initiative
(C40)
• World Mayors
Council on Climate
Change (WMCCC)
• City responses
(example of Malmö)
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The CCP
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UN-Habitat’s Focus
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UN-Habitat’s CCCI
• Promote active CC
collaboration and policy
dialogue
• Foster awareness, education
and capacity building
• Establish new networks and
support existing ones
• Localize national adaptation
and mitigation plans
• Develop tools and implement
pilot activities
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Example of Malmö, Sweden
• Incorporating mitigation
and adaptation in the
built environment
• Demonstration project
– Energy
– Green space
– Urban Planning
• Additional activities
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Mitigation and adaptation
• Create lively urban dwelling in city
– Compact urban planning
– Transport planning: bikes and buses
• Energy: 100% renewable
– Enhance energy efficiency, local supply
• Eco-cycle thinking
– Minimize raw materials, source separation
• Biodiversity
– Use of water, green space factor
• Social issues and vulnerability
– Create jobs
– Involve the public, media attention
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Västra Hamnen
Bo01
• 24 hectares of land
– 1300 apartments completed
– About 2000 inhabitants
– Mixed development
• Transform industrial
area
– Reconnect city to harbour
– Eco-alternatives
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Transport
• Mobility management
information and persuasion
• Bicycle lanes given priority
(20-25% of the population)
• Public transportation
– 2 bus lines, every 6 minutes to
centre
• Motor vehicles traffic is
restricted by planning
measures – compact streets
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Pedestrians, bikes, buses
and boating have priority
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Energy production
• Electricity
– Wind (2 MW – 1000 homes)
– Photovoltaics (minor production)
• Heat
– Heat pump (aquifer utilising sea
water)
– Solar collectors
• Cooling
– Heat pump and aquifer
– Biogas (minor production)
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Energy: 100% locally-produced renewables
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Heating and cooling
Wind turbine
Solar collectors
Photovoltaics cells
Heat Recovery/ District Heating/Cooling Aquifer Heat Pump
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Urban Green
• Green space factor: 50% of
the plot green
– 32 green points
• Green roofs, green walls,
courtyard green
• Biodiversity in landscaping
– Oak, Beech, Wetland
• Storm water in open
channels and ponds
for biodiversity and people
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Water and foliage…
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Water
• Visual contact with the water
for residents and visitors
• Rainwater – enhancing
biodiversity
• Open storm water
– Falls on green roofs, flows into
open channel, into collecting
points
– Circulated, flows into harbour
– Used as an asset
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Reconnect Malmö to the sea:
Parks, sea & green roofs…
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Eco-Cycle City
• Biological waste is separated
– Food waste disposers
– Biogas digester
• Underground tank
– Vacuum collection vehicle
• Convenient collecting system for
reuse of paper, glass, cardboard
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Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Solar City Malmö
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Lillgrund Windpark in Öresund
• 48 windmills produce 0,33 TWh of electricity
• Equivalent to power 60,000 Swedish homes
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Ekostaden Augustenborg
• Open stormwater system for rainwater
• Green roofs
• Incorporating green and blue in
courtyards
• Solar panels
• Resident participation
• Improved collective transport
– Car-sharing and local electric train
• Waste-recycling and composting
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
The role of cities
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Learn together, but apply locally
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Cities are like a puzzle, each piece is
different
Each puzzle approached uniquely
Some are more challenging than others
Persistency, cooperation,
communication are essential to
tackle climate change in cites
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Incorporate the natural environment
Various stakeholders and social groups
Multi-disciplinary approaches are best…
like Erasmus Mundus
Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Association
Thank you and
welcome to the
Erasmus Mundus
Climate Change
Conference!
Jennifer Lenhart
[email protected]