Transcript Cell Processes Energy Ch 2 (teacher)

Cell Processes and Energy
Table of Contents
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Cell Division
Log: Feb.14th
Read and complete question on page 44 My
planet diary
The Sun as an Energy Source
Nearly all living things obtain energy from the sun directly or
indirectly through the process of photosynthesis.
See page 46
Energy Processes
Producers
• Makes their own food
• Autotrophs
• All Plants
Consumers
• Heterotrophs
• All Animals and Fungi
Photosynthesis; How living organisms get energy from
the sun
First Stage of Photosynthesis
The first stage of photosynthesis powers the “energy
engine” of the living world.
Stage 1 Photosynthesis
Stage 1
Chlorophyll acts similar to
solar cells and captures light
energy
H2O is split
Oxygen is given off as
waste
Hydrogen is used in stage
2
Stage 2
The second stage of
photosynthesis makes food
for a plant.
CO2 enters the plant
H and CO2 react
Produce C6H12O6
Photosynthesis
Producing Food
The second stage of
photosynthesis makes food for a
plant. How can the information
for Stage 1 and Stage 2 be
completed?
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
What is the process
of photosynthesis?
Write the chemical formula for
photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration Lesson 2
Cellular Respiration = the process by which cells
obtain energy from glucose. (glucose = most common sugar
in foods)
During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and
other molecules from food in the presence of oxygen which
allows for energy to be released.
Organisms and cells need energy all the time  so
cellular respiration is continuous.
Cellular respirations is not the same as breathing respiration,
but these 2 cycles do work together.
Cellular Respiration Lesson 2
Getting Energy
How does the hiker's energy and breathing rate
change as she climbs?
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Complete the concept map
about cellular respiration.
Write the chemical formula
for cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration
Releasing Energy
Cellular respiration takes place in two stages. What terms
will complete the
sentences?
Log: Feb 28th
Summarize the Yeast lab.
What cellular process occurred?
What proved that this process was
occurring?
What prevented Oxygen form being
present?
Cellular Respiration
Opposite Processes
Producers carry out
photosynthesis, but producers
and consumers both carry out
cellular respiration. Use the
word bank to complete the
blank boxes.
Connection Between Photosynthesis
and Respiration
Photosynthesis
cells take in carbon
dioxide and release
oxygen.
Chloroplast
Respiration
cells use oxygen to break
down glucose and release
energy and carbon
dioxide
Mitochondria
Click
Chapter 4
Section 2 Cell Energy
Fermentation = an energy-releasing
process that does not require oxygen
Alcoholic Fermentation
- in yeast or single celled
organisms
-produces: alcohol, carbon
dioxide, and a small amount
of energy
- Carbon dioxide release
makes the bubbles or air
holes in bread or bubbles in
sparkling or carbonated
drinks
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Muscle cells can break
down glucose without
oxygen but lactic acid is
produced instead of the
water & carbon dioxide, a
small amount of energy is
also released
Section 2 Cell Energy
Chapter 4
Getting Energy from Food,
•When muscles can’t get the oxygen for cellular respiration, they
use fermentation to get energy.
•Fermentation is the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen.
It produces a small amount of ATP
Occurs
1st Type
Animal Muscles (some
fungi an bacteria)
Causes muscle fatigue
2nd Type Bacteria and Yeast
Causes holes in bread
Product
Lactic Acid
CO2 and Alcohol
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
A ball of bread dough mixed with yeast is left in a bowl at room
temperature. As time passes, the dough increases in size.
Log: March 1st
Write the chemicals equations for
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
How are the two connected? Explain.
Cell Division Lesson 3
Comparing Cell Cycles
The table below compares the length of different cell
cycles.
Log: March 2, 2011
True or False
1. The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm.
2. In the first stage of respiration a great deal of energy is
required from the sun.
3. ATP can be made from fermentation or cellular respiration.
Function of the Cell cycle
The cell cycle allows cell to
1. Grow
2. Repair
3. Reproduce
Turn to Page 57
How does each picture represent cell division
Cell Cycle: What happens?
1. The cell will grow
2. Prepare for cell division
3. Divide into two cell called “daughter cells”
Cell Division
Interphase: Preparing to Divide
The changes in a cell during interphase prepare the cell for
mitosis.
1. Growing
What organelles are
produced to aid this
process?
2. Copying DNA
What form is the DNA
in?
3. Preparing for division
What structures are
made?
The cell is growing
and making copies of
its DNA
Cell Division
When one cell splits in half during cell division, the result is two
new cells. Each of those two cells can divide into two more, and
so on.
Log Time
What are the 3 functions of cell
division?
Write out the 6 vocab words
and define for section 3
Cell Division
Mitosis:
Prophase
Mitosis begins
with prophase,
which involves
further changes
to the cell.
Nucleic Acid
•Long organic molecules
consisting of C,O ,H and
N.
•They carry instructions
for cells
•One type of cell Nucleic
Acid is DNA
•The shape of DNA is
referred to as a double
helix
Chapter 4
Section 3 The Cell Cycle
Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
• Mitosis has four phases:
1. prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase
Chapter 4
Section 3 The Cell Cycle
Mitosis and the Cell Cycle, continued
• Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm.
• In animal cells and other eukaryotes that do not have
cell walls, division of the cytoplasm begins at the cell
membrane.
• In plant cells and in other eukaryotes with cell walls,
a cell plate forms and the cell splits into two cells.
Cell Division
Centriole pairs
Spindle fiber
Centromere
Chromatids
The Cell Cycle
Cells undergo an orderly sequence of
events as they
grow and divide. What are the missing
parts of the stages?
Before a cell divides, it must make a copy of its
DNA which is organized into structures called
chromosomes.
Each Human cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes
Cell Division
Length of a Liver Cell
Cycle
Human liver cells
generally reproduce
less than once per year.
At other times, they can
complete one cell cycle
in about 22 hours.
Log: March 2011
What happens during
telophase?
In what process/stage does the
cell make a copy of DNA?
Log: March 2011
What is Mitosis?
What are the two new cells
called at the end of the cell
cycle?