Transcript Nutrition Intro

8.L.5 Understand the composition of various substances as it relates to their ability to serve as
a source of energy and building materials for growth and repair of organisms.
8.L.5.1 Summarize how food provides the energy and the molecules required for building
materials, growth and survival of all organisms (to include plants).
Food provides molecules that serve as fuel and building material for all organisms. Organisms get energy by oxidizing their food, releasing some of its
energy as thermal energy. All organisms are composed of cells-a group of organelles working together. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms,
including humans, are multi-cellular. Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide (mitosis or meiosis), thereby
producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials
that a cell or an organism needs. Cell (Plasma) membrane is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Sugars to produce energy
for the cell are broken down in a process that uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water. Cells lacking internal membrane-bound structures
are called prokaryotic cells. The cells of most unicellular organisms such as bacteria are prokaryotes. Cells that contain membrane-bound structures are
called eukaryotic cells. Most of the multi-cellular plants and animals we know have cells containing membrane-bound structures and are therefore called
eukaryotes. The membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells are called organelles. Each organelle has a specific function for cell survival.
8.L.5.2 Explain the relationship among a healthy diet, exercise, and the general health of the
body (emphasis on the relationship between respiration and digestion).
Talk with a partner to see if you can
remember the answers to these questions.
1.What is photosynthesis?
the process of changing light
energy to chemical energy
Talk with a partner to see if you can
remember the answers to these questions.
1.What is photosynthesis?
2.Why is photosynthesis necessary for humans?
3.What is cellular respiration?
4.Why is cellular respiration necessary for humans?
Talk with a partner to see if you can
remember the answers to these questions.
2. Why is photosynthesis necessary for humans?
We cannot make our own food
(glucose, energy), we must get
our food from plants.
Plants are the first step in the
food chain.
Talk with a partner to see if you can
remember the answers to these questions.
3. What is cellular respiration?
the breakdown of
glucose molecules to
release energy
Talk with a partner to see if you can
remember the answers to these questions.
4. Why is cellular respiration necessary for humans?
It provides cells (our
bodies) with energy to
do everyday tasks!
Because
PHOTOSYTHESIS happens
and because
CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens
Think
IF
gives
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
IF
Pair
Pair
gives
Get with a partner and talk
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
about what your thoughts
CELLULAR
are. Write downRESPIRATION
your
thoughts and be prepared to
share them with the class.
Share
IF
gives
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Share
CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Let’s see what you thought!
Nutrition
Our goals this week are
• To get you to think about what
you take into your body
•To get you to think about what
makes/keeps you healthy
•To arm you with information
about what good health choices
are available
•To learn about the consequences
of unhealthy lifestyle and food
choices
What is a healthy diet?
A healthy diet is one that gives our bodies
what we need to function (energy).
It means we take in foods that provide the nutrients, fiber, and water
that we need to keep our bodies working.
•Voluntary Processes (Running, Talking, Reading, etc)
•Involuntary Processes (Breathing, Heart Beating, Eyes blinking)
Nutrient
A chemical needed by an organism in
order to live and grow
They are used to build and repair tissues,
regulate body processes and are used as
energy.
The essential nutrients for our health include the following:
•Proteins
•Carbohydrates
•Fats
•Vitamins
•Minerals
•Water
The Essentials of Dietary Protein Hyperlink 2:46
Proteins
What do they do?
Needed for growth, maintenance, tissue repair, energy
What are the sources?
Animal Sources (Meat, Cheese, Eggs, Milk, Fish, Etc.)
Plant Sources (Whole Grains, Soy, Seeds, Nuts, Beans)
What happens if I don’t get enough?
Protein is NOT stored in the body. So if a person does not take in
enough in the diet, the following can be the result:
•Tissue break down (Your body consumes muscles for energy)
•Immunity Decreases
•Weakened Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function
•Stunted Growth
Carbohydrates
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What do they do?
They are used to make glucose which is the fuel that gives you
energy and helps keep everything going.
What are the sources?
Starches
Sugars
These things are
high in calories and
low in nutritional
value.
Eat in moderation!
Fruits and Vegetables
Breads, cereals, pasta, and other grains
Milk and milk products
Beans, Potatoes, Rice
Foods containing added sugars (cake, cookies, soda, etc.)
What happens if I don’t get enough?
Your body will consume muscle for energy.
You could have low blood sugar which could
cause dizziness and weakness.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates is the group name for foods that your body breaks down
into sugars. The term sugar does not have to have negative
connotations. Sugar gives your cells energy and also helps your body
completely metabolize fats. Without enough carbohydrates, you may
experience symptoms like lack of energy, nausea and irritability.
Carbohydrates are present in a variety of foods, including grains,
vegetables, fruits and dairy products. However, simple carbohydrates
contain single sugar units that are easily broken down, such as candy,
cookies and sodas, that give carbohydrates a bad name because they
also are high in calories and fat.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/508484-what-happens-when-someone-eats-toomany-carbs/#ixzz2RgC5ybhM
What are Carbohydrates?- Herbalife
2:51
Good Carbs versus Bad Carbs...Get the Truth!
4:51
Fats
What do they do?
Fats are used for energy, brain development, body insulation,
controlling inflammation, blood clotting, and helping you absorb
vitamins and minerals.
What are the sources?
There are two types of dietary fat:
Saturated Fat
Unsaturated Fat
What happens if I don’t get enough?
Dry skin, no/little nutrient absorption – (leading to) muscle
damage, nerve damage, low immunity, noenergy, hormone
imbalances
Lipids
Lipids, or fats, are water-insoluble substances that include cholesterol,
triglycerides and oils. Most foods contain some amount of fat, although this
varies widely among different food groups. The types of fats in various foods
also vary. Excess amounts of cholesterol, trans fats and saturated fats increase
your risk for coronary atherosclerosis, the most common form of heart disease.
The "Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005" recommends that dietary lipids
account for no more than 20 to 35 percent of your total calorie intake each day.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/312609-list-of-foods-with-lipids/#ixzz2RgdRUWZg
Q1 – Based on the passage above, what are lipids?
a. Cholesterol
b. Fats
c. Calories
d. Water
Lipids
Lipids, or fats, are water-insoluble substances that include cholesterol,
triglycerides and oils. Most foods contain some amount of fat, although this
varies widely among different food groups. The types of fats in various foods
also vary. Excess amounts of cholesterol, trans fats and saturated fats increase
your risk for coronary atherosclerosis, the most common form of heart disease.
The "Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005" recommends that dietary lipids
account for no more than 20 to 35 percent of your total calorie intake each day.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/312609-list-of-foods-with-lipids/#ixzz2RgdRUWZg
Q2 – Lipids should
a. Be consumed In moderation.
b. Be a large portion of your daily diet.
c. Be consumed with water in order to benefit the body.
d. Be avoided.
Vitamins
What do they do?
Vitamins boost the immune system, support normal growth and
development, and help cells and organs do their jobs.
What are the sources?
Coming from living matter
Vitamins are organic, so they come from plants and animals.
What happens if I don’t get enough?
Your body only produces Vitamin D, so your diet is
important in getting necessary vitamins.
Problems that can occur without vitamins include:
•Bone weakness/malformation
•Low energy
•Anemia (low red blood cell count)
•Cell damage leading to vision problems, nonhealing wounds, low immunity, and other issues
Vitamins
The ABCs of Vitamins | HealthiNation
1:05
3:41
Minerals
What do they do?
Minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. The
body uses minerals to perform many different functions — from
building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Some are
even used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat.
What are the sources?
Coming from NONliving matter
Minerals are inorganic elements that come from the soil and
water and are absorbed by plants or eaten by animals.
What happens if I don’t get enough?
•Bone development affected or bone lost
•Fatigue (low iron)
•Anemia
•Food not digested properly(leading to malnutrition)
•Low immunity
•Brain development affected
Water
What does it do?
MANY things!
•Makes up over ½ of your body weight!
•Transports nutrients to the body.
•Transports oxygen to the body (in blood).
•Carries waste out of the body (pee and poop).
What are the sources?
•Fruits and Vegetables
•Water
•Seltzer
•Decaf. Coffee/Tea
•Herbal Teas
Hyperlink 3:27
What Does NOT Count?
Soda (Even diet soda doesn’t count!)
Drinks With Calories (Ex. Coffee with Cream)
Juices with added sugar(These are high in calories.)
Caffeinated Drinks
Alcoholic Beverages
What happens if I don’t get enough?
•Dry mouth, no tears, no urine, no sweating
•Difficulty breathing
•Other more serious side-effects