Transcript Ch 9 Notes - A Grace Martin

Biology Unit
Unit C: From Life to Lifestyle
Science 14 and 10-4 with Mrs M
Biology Unit C: Life to Lifestyle
Chapter 8:
Structure and
Function of Plant and
Animal Cells
Chapter 10:
Food for Life
Chapter 9:
Life Functions
to Living
Things
Chapter 11:
Maintaining
Homeostasis
(with Mr. Watts)
This week
• Monday
9.1 Life functions
• Tuesday
9.2 Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration
9.3 Organ systems
• Wednesday
Blood pressure and heart rate lab
• Thursday
9.4 and Review
• Friday test
Chapter 9 Life Functions
• How do you know plants and animals are
living things?
• Living things:
– Grow (create new cells)
– Reproduce (create new cells)
– Move and transport (function of cells)
Cells have structures that carry out necessary
life processes.
9.1 Life Functions Common to All
Living Things
• Function: an activity, work or operation done
for a particular purpose
• Life functions: the activities carried out by
cells and organ systems
Think back to Planet Earth: Ice Worlds
• Transport: penguins move from breeding
grounds to the ocean ice
• Nutrition: eat fish
• Growth: from a hatched egg
• Are well adapted to the cold
• Can swim
• Work together to conserve heat
Life Functions
• identify life functions common to living
systems
– energy conversion
– response to the environment
– growth
– reproduction
– conserving or dissipating heat
(e.g., torpor, dormancy, hibernation, vascular
skin, sweat gland behaviour)
Adaptations
• An adaptation is a trait with a functional role
in the life processes of an organism.
• Venus Fly Trap
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7eQKSf0LmY
• Digests the fly for 10 days until only a husk
remains
• Can still grow from photosynthesis even
though it is carnivorous
Torpor
• Inactivity
• Snails become inactive during the hottest
driest part of summer when food and
moisture are scarce
How do these animals deal with heat?
• Vascular skin
• Panting
• Sweat glands
How do different organisms deal with
winter?
Hibernation
• Type of torpor
• Deep sleep
Lungfish
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUD8pTY-He0
• Adapt to survive during drought
Frogs Hibernate
• Frogs freeze solid in winter but the ice doesn’t
penetrate their cells because of antifreeze
proteins
Antifreeze Proteins
Snakes Hibernate
• Called a hibernaculum
Hibernaculum
Trees go dormant
• having normal physical functions suspended
or slowed down for a period of time; in or as if
in a deep sleep
• dormancy conserves energy
Life Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Transportation
Nutrition
Growth and repair
Reproduction
Regulation
Metabolism
Synthesis
1. Transportation
1. Transportation:
Is the movement of the ______________________,
its _________________, or its internal
____________________.
For example, celery needs to transport water to its
leaves
A spider needs to _______________ a web
A Venus flytrap needs to move its
_______________________
2. Nutrition
2. Nutrition
Producing or obtaining ________________
For example, a foal nurses from its mother;
the horse eats _____________
3. Growth and Repair
3. Growth and repair
__________________ and repairing body
parts
For example, all plants and animals grow. When
injured, the body can _____________
4. Reproduction
4. Reproduction
Making new cells or a new _______________
For example, seeds grow into _______________
Single-celled organisms divide to create a new
cell
5. Regulation
5. Regulation
Responding to changes in the ___________________
For example, when an animal is thirsty, it drinks
______________
After an animal drinks water, it needs to excrete this
fluid
6. Metabolism
6. Metabolism
To get energy, organisms undergo cellular
respiration
For example, __________________________,
digesting, and eliminating wastes
7. Synthesis
7. Synthesis
Directing cell _______________ to create
needed ___________________
For example, plants undergo photosynthesis to
make ________________ and
____________________
Notes:
• Cells and Tissues are Specialized
• A unique structural design helps cells perform
a specific function
Animal Cells:
Recall that animal cells have the same
parts, though there are different types
Different
Plant
Cells:
Different cells, different roles
•
•
•
•
stomata in the leaves for water balance
skin cells are flat to cover large surface area
plant cell walls provide structural support
nerve cells are long for transmission of
impulses
• storage of chemical energy in roots [e.g., sugar
beets], stems [e.g., sugar cane] and fruits
[e.g., apples]
9.1 questions
• Page 182 What is my role?
– How do different cells have different roles?
• Check Your Understanding page 183 #2
– Do plants and animals share the same life
functions? Give a reason for your answer.
9.2 Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration
• Only plants, algae, and some bacteria undergo
photosynthesis
• All living organisms undergo cellular
respiration
• Photosynthesis: plants create sugar for food
It STORES energy
• Cellular Respiration: metabolism, using sugar
for energy
It RELEASES energy
Photosynthesis
• Plants make their own food
• The process by which chloroplasts in plant
cells convert sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide into sugar (glucose) and oxygen
• Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight energy ->
Oxygen + Sugar (food/chemical energy)
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
• The chemical change that converts food into
energy within a cell
• During cellular respiration, the food that is
produced undergoes chemical change and
releases energy
• Sugar + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Energy
Chemistry Review
•
•
•
•
O2
oxygen
CO2
carbon dioxide
H2O
water
C6H12O6 glucose sugar
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected
Plants store sugars differently
Plant organs
• Plants have a shoot system
(above ground for photosynthesis)
and also a root system
(below ground for nutrients and water
absorption)
Investigation:
Where are the greatest rates of
photosynthesis and why?
• Most sunlight
• Most water
• Most carbon dioxide?
Sunlight
Water
How would talking to your plants help
them to grow?
• Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight energy ->
Oxygen + Sugar (food/chemical energy)
9.3
Imagine a machine that can do the following:
• pump fluids for years and years without
stopping
• release energy from food
• eliminate wastes
• send messages
• reproduce itself or parts of itself
9.3 Human Organ Systems
Your Body:
• pump fluids for years and years without
stopping
• release energy from food
• eliminate wastes
• send messages
• reproduce itself or parts of itself
Humans have:
•
•
•
•
•
Respiratory system
Cardiovascular system (go over in detail)
Nervous system
Urinary system
Digestive system (go over in detail)
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
• Cardio = heart
• Vascular = veins
and arteries
Heart
Heart
Veins from body
Arteries to body
Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs)
Pulmonary Veins
(from lungs)
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Heart
Artery to body
Vein from body
To lungs
From lungs
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Circulatory system
• Move blood through the body
• Veins = return blood to the heart
• Arteries = away from the heart
Nervous System
Kidney/Urinary System (Excretion)
Digestive System
Digestive System
• Food = chemical energy
• Body uses nutrients for energy, growth, and
repair
• Different nutrients are digested in different
areas
Nutrients
• carbohydrates
(sugars and starches)
• proteins
• fats
• vitamins
• minerals
• water
Location of Digestion
• carbs: saliva, small
intestine
• proteins: stomach
• fats: small intestine
• water and chemicals:
absorbed from
stomach and in large
intestine
More on nutrition in Chapter 10
Digestive System
• Mouth
– mechanical digestion and saliva
• Esophagus
– Transport by peristalsis
• Stomach
– Stomach acid for protein digestion
• Small Intestine
– With help from the pancreas, bile duct and gall bladder
– Absorption of nutrients by microvilli
• Large Intestine
– Final absorption of nutrients and water
Digestive System
Mouth
• Chewing: mechanical digestion
• Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that
breaks down carbohydrates
• Creates a bolus to be swallowed
Digestive System
Esophagus
• Transport
• Peristalsis
Digestive System
Stomach
• Sphincters
• Gastric juice containing enzymes and acid
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is very strong acid
Digestive System
Small Intestine
• Duodenum where stomach acid is neutralized
• Digest carbs and fats
Digestive System
Small Intestine
Microvilli absorb nutrients
Digestive System
Large Intestine
• Absorption
• Elimination/excretion
Digestive System Summary:
• Mouth
– mechanical digestion and saliva
• Esophagus
– Transport by peristalsis
• Stomach
– Stomach acid for protein digestion
• Small Intestine
– With help from the pancreas, bile duct and gall bladder
– Absorption of nutrients by microvilli
• Large Intestine
– Final absorption of nutrients and water