Transcript 幻灯片 1
Nuclear Power In China Shi Yang [email protected] Contents 1 Introduction of Nuclear Power 2 Nuclear Power and Energy Security 3 Nuclear Power and Environment 4 Future of China’s Nuclear Power Section 1 Introduction of Nuclear power Qianshan NPP Nuclear Power • Nuclear power, with clean, safe, high efficiency and economic characteristics, is one of the world's supporting energy as well as coal and oil. • Nuclear power (generally electricity) is produced from controlled nuclear. Two forms of Nuclear Reaction Eight types of Nuclear Reactors The distribution of the world's NPP The distribution of China’s NPP What can we learn from the map? • The number of China’s NPP is much smaller than that in US or EU • All on the east coast in China 2 units of PHWR type, 9 PWR types Status of China’s NPP 52.3 9.07 6 11 11 nuclear reactors at six plants 52.3 billion capacity of kWh power 9.07 million kw generation All the 11 reactors employ second-generation nuclear power technologies 3 4 Domestic Technology French Technology 11 2 Russian Technology 2 Canadian Technology Timeline of the Chinese Nuclear Industry, 1970 to 2020 Section two nuclear power and energy security Energy Security • China's energy security concerns the need for China to guarantee itself and its industries long term access to sufficient energy and energy raw materials. • China is making more efforts to develop new energy to ensure the country's energy security and boost economic growth Nuclear power and Energy security Diversity Convenience Energy Security Efficiency Diversity • China is trying to establish long-term energy security. This by investment in oil and gas fields abroad, and by diversifying its providers • Nuclear power is viewed by the current Administration as important, perhaps essential, to maintaining that diversity. Nuclear power capacity and generation of the World Most of them in China capacity of nuclear power in China 2003-2010 Electricity production in China Source: IEO 2002 reference case Projected Nuclear –Generated Electricity Consumption 1990 to 2025 ( Billion Kilowatt Hours) Country* 1990 2000 2001 2010 2015 2020 2025 United States 577 754 769 794 812 816 816 France 298 394 401 447 478 520 550 Germany 145 161 163 137 107 15 0 Japan 192 294 309 369 394 426 411 Canada 69 69 73 108 110 118 98 Russia 115 122 125 141 154 129 99 50 104 107 141 171 209 220 India 6 14 18 46 55 66 66 China 0 16 17 66 129 142 154 South Korea Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2004, Appendix A, Page 170 Convenience • Nuclear power has an important role, especially in the coastal areas remote from the coalfields and where the economy is developing rapidly. Generally, nuclear plants can be built close to centers of demand, whereas suitable wind and hydro sites are remote from demand. Convenience • Many inland nuclear power plants will be constructed in these interior province. Efficiency To improve the efficiency of its domestic energy markets. China is actively looking for smarter energy technology Innovation is the key to nuclear power development. China is calling for enterprises to adopt advanced technology and enhance selfinnovation. AP 1000 technologies SANMEN, Zhejiang, April 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday started the construction of its first third-generation pressurized water reactors using AP 1000 technologies developed by U.S.-based Westinghouse. Section Three Nuclear power and Environment Climate change In China, the reliance on fossil fuels has led to much air pollution. The economic loss due to pollution is put by the World Bank at almost 6% of GDP. World Problem Climate Change-------emissions of greenhouse gases Countries by carbon dioxide emissions (blue the highest) CO2 emission per capita per year per country National Action Plan on Climate Change increasing the proportion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and from nuclear power increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power stations Very Important the use of cogeneration the development of coal-bed and coal-mine methane Nuclear power as clean energy nuclear power fossil fuel 25 g 450-1250 g CO2 equivalent per kWh CO2 equivalent per kWh China will do better and better • China has promised to reduce CO2 emission by 40-45% in 2020 compared to 2005 (26th Nov.2009) Angel or Devil? Disaster of NPP Three Mile Island Accident Chernobyl Disaster Nuclear Waste • Since China's nuclear industry is relatively new, nuclear waste is not a major concern. But, as in the United States or any other country, nuclear waste accumulates over time. Nuclear Safety The State Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), independent of the nuclear industry, carries out supervision and management on nuclear safety and radiation environment of nuclear facilities：licensing management and routine monitoring. Relevant radioactive waste treatment facilities should be designed, constructed and operated simultaneously with facilities or practices producing radioactive wastes. phases of waste management reduction in output categorized collection purification and concentration, volume reduction and solidification careful encapsulation, safe transportation in-situ interim storage concentrated disposal controlled discharge Section Four The future of Nuclear power in China China's nuclear industry is relatively young Nuclear reactors under construction and planned Nuclear reactors under construction and planned Further nuclear power units proposed Further nuclear power units proposed Further nuclear power units proposed long and mid-term development plan • Nuclear power installed capacity will reach 40 million kw by 2020 and will generate 260 billion to 280 billion kilowatt hours of electricity each year, accounting for 4 to 6 percent of the country's total. and a further increase to more than 250 GW by 2030. nuclear energy policy • 1. PWRs will be the mainstream but not sole reactor type. • 2.Nuclear fuel assemblies are fabricated and supplied indigenously. • 3.Domestic manufacturing of plant and equipment will be maximised, with selfreliance in design and project management. • 4.International cooperation is nevertheless encouraged. A beautiful Future China will enjoy a wide prospect in nuclear power market. Shi Yang