Transcript Climate Protection Law

Legal Aspects of
Farming and Climate Change
Witzenhausen, 17.10.2009
Prof. Dr. Christian Schrader
Vice-President Hochschule Fulda
www.fh-fulda.de/index.php?id=2241
[email protected]
Seite 1
Relations
Farming – Climate Change
Soils are
sinks
sources
CO2
of carbon.
Seite 2
Relations
Farming – Climate Change
Every land use affects
the soil carbon level.
CO2
CH4
Farming contributes
to climate change.
Seite 3
Relations
Farming – Climate Change
Farming suffers / profits
from climate change.
Neccessary:
CO2
CH4
• Mitigation Reduction of green
house gas emissions
• Adaption to climate
change
Seite 4
Legal Aspects
Legal Starting Points
Agricultural Law
Soil Protection Law
Climate Protection Law
Seite 5
Agricultural Law
EU: Common Agricultural Policy
Article 33 Treaty of Nice
1. The objectives of the common agricultural policy shall be:
(a) to increase agricultural productivity by promoting
technical progress …;
(b) thus to ensure a fair standard of living for the agricultural
community …;
(c) to stabilise markets;
(d) to assure the availability of supplies;
(e) to ensure that supplies reach consumers at reasonable
prices.
Seite 6
Agricultural Law
EU: Common Agricultural Policy
Regulation 1251/1999 establishing a support system for
producers of certain arable crops:
Art. 6: Set-aside obligation
Regulation 1782/2003 establishing common rules for direct
support schemes:
Art. 55, 88: no set-aside in favor of producing energy crops
Art. 4: Cross compliance (statutory managment requieries concerning environment)
Art. 5 para 2: Member States shall ensure that land which
was 2003 under permanent pasture is maintained under
permanent pasture. However, in duly justified circumstances …
Seite 7
Soil Protection Law
Soil Protection Law
Nearly inexistent
Seite 8
Climate Protection Law
Climate Protection Law
International
European Union
National
Seite 9
Climate Protection Law
International
1992: United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change
signed by 192 states
1997: Kyoto-Protocol
signed by 184 states
2009: Kopenhagen-Protocol ???
Seite 10
Climate Protection Law
International
Kyoto-Protocol: Incorporation of Agriculture
LULUCF:
Land Use
Land Use Change
Forestration
selecting, measuring and evaluating
Seite 11
Climate Protection Law
International
Kyoto-Protocol: Agriculture
Greenhouse gases: Sectors/source categories
• Energy
• Industrial processes
• Solvent and other product use
• Agriculture
Enteric fermentation
Manure management
Rice cultivation
Agricultural soils
Prescribed burning of savannas
Field burning of agricultural residues
Other
• Waste
Seite 12
Climate Protection Law
International
Kyoto-Protocol: Responsibilities
Only Annex I-States (37 industrialized countries and the EU)
are commited to reduce their emissions.
These duties can be fulfilled by market-based measures:

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Joint Implementation (JI)

Emissions Trading.
Seite 13
Climate Protection Law
International
Kyoto-Protocol: CDM-Projects
Seite 14
Climate Protection Law
EU
European Union
The EU introduced own targets:

20 % less greenhouse gases

20 % renewable energy

20 % energy efficiency
until
2020.
Seite 15
Climate Protection Law
EU
Measures
Wide range of measures ...
The most ambitioned:
Emission Trading Scheme,
(Directive 2003/897/EC).
Seite 16
Climate Protection Law
EU
Emission Trading System
The Kyoto-target of the EU has been parted into differing
targets for the Member States (burden sharing).
Each Member State gets a specific amount of emission
allowances.
Certain industries get emission targets
for each factory. The allowances can
be traded.
Agriculture is not included as an emitting
industry,
but can benefit from CDM- and JI-measures.
Seite 17
Climate Protection Law
EU
Non Emission-Trading-Sectors
EU set targets for emission sectors that are not included into
emission trading scheme (Decision 406/2009/EC)
Agriculture is one sector among
certain energy and industrial processes, solvent and other
product use and waste.
Seite 18
Climate Protection Law
EU
Non Emission-Trading-Sectors
MEMBER STATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION LIMITS
Member State greenhouse gas emission limits in 2020 compared to 2005 greenhouse gas
emissions levels
Belgium – 15 %
Bulgaria 20 %
Czech Republic 9 %
Denmark – 20 %
Germany – 14 %
Estonia 11 %
Ireland – 20 %
Greece – 4 %
Spain
– 10 %
France – 14 %
Italy
– 13 %
Cyprus – 5 %
Latvia
17 %
Lithuania 15 %
Seite 19
Luxembourg – 20 %
Hungary 10 %
Member States are
free how to remain
within their limits.
Climate Protection Law
National
27 EU Member State
policies
193 independant States
policies
Seite 20
Farming
Climate Change
Tank you
for your
attention
Seite 21