Transcript Въведение в проблемите на изменението н

CHALLENGES AHEAD
Daniela Stoycheva
Climate change and emissions trading consultant
13-14 March, Budapest, Hungary, REC
CEE countries & Turkey
 Diverse status
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Annex I; Non Annex I – 12+1:3
Annex B, Non Annex B – 12:3+1
Bellow and above the KP target - 10:2
KP ratification; acceptance; non ratification 12:3:1
EU members – older and newer, accession and candidate
countries 9+2:5
EITs and Developing countries – 11:4 + Turkey?
Eligible or implementing different emissions trading –
11 JI : 3 CDM; ~ 8 GIS; 11 EU ETS; hosts and buyers;
1 Voluntary market
 Different - commitments, affiliation to
different negotiation blocks, and different
situation in terms of capacities
Main characteristics of the
new KP stage
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The First commitment period has started
More stringent reporting
Compliance regime for Annex I
More measures to be implemented
More pressure on the institutions
The Mechanisms are operational
- CDM EB and JISC; EC Directives;
- national procedures in place;
- coming GIS and JI track 1
- co-existence of diversity of Mechanisms
• Negotiations for the post-Kyoto regime ongoing
- Positions
- More intense and frequent
- More complicated
The First commitment
period for Annex I
• More stringent reporting for Annex I Parties
and especially the EU members
• Compliance and eligibility, meeting the target
• More mechanisms to handle
• Financing mainly state budget
• Stronger Institutions needed, more experts
and better coordination
• Large range of policies and measures to be
developed and implemented
• Monitoring of PaMs
• Special case of Turkey
The First commitment
period for non Annex I
• National communications – FNC or SNC
• Data gathering
• Public awareness and governmental priorities for
CC low
• Effective participation in CDM – from
establishment of procedures to real projects
• Institutional capacities – from project based DNA
to state budget CC departments
• Financing of activities still mainly depends on
donors
• However have to develop national policies for
mitigation and especially adaptation
• Need further support
UNFCCC two tracks
Bali Road map
A new process on long term cooperation under the Convention
was set up with negotiations to:
• Define, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable way,
nationally appropriate emission limitation commitments for
developed countries and mitigation actions for developing
countries;
• Determine essential actions to adapt to the inevitable impact
of climate change and to promote climate-resilient
development; and
• Mobilise the necessary finance and technology cooperation to
support these action in a measurable, reportable and
verifiable way.
Under the KP, Parties established a timetable with detailed steps
to be taken to complete negotiations on the new emission
reduction targets for industrialized countries by 2009.
Consequences for JI/CDM
Will remain, but will be reviewed:
- Complexity of CDM => simplified?
- CDM project’s eligibility => HFC-23; CCS not
eligible or under specific conditions?
• What about JI?
Additional questions:
• What about Voluntary markets?
• How much JI/CDM will be accepted in the EU
ETS?
• JI track 2 or switching to track 1?
• GIS absorbing JI?
Post Kyoto and CEE
The Bali Conference is over, but the fight against
climate change has only just begun
Whatever form of the future CC regime is
negotiated/adopted more efforts will be needed
from all Parties, including:
- Develop and defence positions;
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More PaMs must be implemented (integrated) as deeper
emissions cuts are needed;
- More effective use of the mechanisms;
- More detailed reporting will be required;
- More institutions will be involved, better coordination amongst
them;
- More human capacity will be needed;
- More financial recourses for CC activities must be envisaged
=> Constant capacity building and strengthening and
improvement of the CC
Thank you!
[email protected]