Transcript Share of transport in global man

The Global Automotive
Industry
Climate Change and CO2
Fuel Quality and Emissions
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Transport CO2 emissions compared to
TOTAL man made emissions
18.2%
Manufacturing
& Construction
12.2%
Fuel combustion
for other
uses
15.9%
Electricity Generation
& Heating
43.9%
Road Transport
(Cars, Trucks & Buses)
Road transport share of global CO2 emissions:
LESS THAN 16%
COST EFFICIENCY IS CRUCIAL !
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CO2 emissions - EU-15
Sales weighted average – new passenger cars
-12.4 % since 1995
8 l/100km
190
7.2
l/100km
grammes/km
180
170
160
6.7
l/100km
Petrol
150
Diesel
5.8
l/100km
140
All fuels
130
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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Source: EU Commission communication – SEC(2006)1078
Research and Development
 85 billion €/year in R&D
 >1000 000 cars/year in EU with <120 g/km CO2
 Development of sophisticated technologies
 New propulsion technologies / alternative fuels
 Affordability
 Time to bring to the market
 Time to replace existing fleets
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The Integrated Approach
to reduce Road Transport CO2
 Vehicle technology and its penetration
 Fuel infrastructure
 Improved traffic management
 Final consumer – ECO driving
Government policies:
Clear
Coherent
Predictable
Stable
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Fuel Quality
 Vehicle and fuel: one complete integrated
system
 Clean vehicles need clean fuels
 UN ECE activities starting to define link
emissions/vehicle/fuel
 Strong support by auto industry
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Reducing CO2 emissions
The situation in Europe
Xavier Fels
President CCFA
(French Automotive Manufacturers Association)
Vice-President OICA
Geneva Motor Show
5 March 2008
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The “engine” of Europe
 18.6 million vehicles produced per year,
1/3 of global production
 2.3 million direct jobs, indirect
employment for another 10 million
families
 € 20 billion in R&D spending, largest
private investor
 € 41.6 billion of net trade contribution
 € 360 billion of tax revenues
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The automotive industry is committed
Automotive industry is strongly involved and committed
• 13% reduction CO2 emissions through vehicle
performance only (1995-2005)
• Car industry is building on significant technological
investments and progress to date
• All manufacturers are making considerable efforts:
Engine and transmission
Light weight materials
Improved aerodynamics
Alternative fuel technologies
Friction reduction
Hybrid, plug-in
… and many more
Need for global, consistent and costeffective action.
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EU Commission only focus on car technology
December 19, 2007 : European Commission’s
legislative proposal on CO2 reduction from cars :
• 120g/km in 2012:
– 130g/km through technologies (e.g. engine)
– 5g/km through bio fuels
– 5g/km through complementary vehicle technology measures
(Gear shift indicator, Energy-efficient air-conditioning, Low
rolling resistance tyres, Tyre pressure monitoring systems,…)
• Narrow focus only on new car technology instead
of an integrated approach involving all relevant
stakeholders
– Contrary to holistic approach adopted in Commission’s Energy
Efficiency Action Plan
– Contrary to better regulation principles
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Reducing
emissions
–
AnCO2
integrated
approach
– integrated approach
Delivering majority of
new car CO2 reductions
Influencing demand in a
harmonised way
Sustainable production
Reducing congestion
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Unrealistic lead time (1)
• 2012 for reaching 130g/km for new car fleet is
unrealistic:
• Typical product cycle for a car is ~6-7 years;
development phase is ~5 years from concept definition
until start of production
• Of new cars sold in 2012…
• Nearly 2/3 are already in execution or production
phase
• The remaining 1/3 are already in concept phase

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Unrealistic lead time (2)
Car sales volumes by introduction year (in %)
100%
80%
Models in advanced engineering
phase in mid-07
60%
Models in concept phase in mid-07
40%
Models in execution or production
phase in mid-07
20%
0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
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The European auto industry needs:
Engagement of the consumers through a CO2 oriented
labelling and tax policy
Fair and cost-effective rules it can comply with, in
particular:
• Level of compensation payments that should be no higher
than for other sectors (the proposed level of penalty is
equivalent to €475 per ton while the current CO2 price on
the market is €5 per ton !)
Better reward and encouragement for “eco innovations”
such as:
• Energy-saving car lights, tools to personalise engine and
transmission management, tailored on-board computers and
navigation systems…
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 The European auto industry needs to
maintain diversity and affordability of cars
to customers.
Thank
you
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How the United States
Is Meeting the CO2 Challenge
March 5, 2008
PRESENTATION BY
Dave McCurdy
President & CEO
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
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Higher MPG, Lower CO2
The historic 2007 U.S. Energy Bill will
produce dramatic results by 2020:
 Raises mileage standards to 35 MPG, a 40%
increase;
 Reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) from autos by 30%;
 Avoids 206 million metric tons of greenhouse
gases annually;
 Lowers oil consumption by 1.1 million barrels a
day;
 Saves 18 billion gallons of gasoline per year; and
 Requires 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels
annually.
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Automakers Represent
the First
Industry to Make Dramatic CO2 Reductions
 America needs a more CO2-efficient society, and a
new fleet of CO2-efficient autos will be dominating
the marketplace.d produce less CO2.
 By reducing CO2 by 30%, automakers will lead all
industries in setting a clear path to meeting the
recent United Nations Bali Climate Change
Summit’s goal of a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions
by 2050.
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A Multi-Sector Approach
to Climate Change
EFFECTIVE POLICY NEEDS TO:
 Foster more alternative fuel choices, especially more lowcarbon, renewable fuels;
 Implement an aggressive program to enhance America’s
fuels infrastructure, so our advanced technology autos
have the fuels needed to power them;
Consumers
Policy should
 Empower the research and development community to
move us closer to technology breakthroughs like batteries
for plug-in hybrids and fuel cells;
encourage
 Encourage the U.S. investment community to stimulate
economic investments in our future fuels and
technologies;
to consider
 Involve all levels of government.
efficient autos on
consumers to
conserve fuel and
purchasing one of
the many fuelsale today.
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A Multi-Sector Approach
UTILITIES & MANUFACTURING
to Climate Change
CONSUMERS
An effective climate change
policy must be built upon a
FUEL PROVIDERS
AIRPLANES
LOW-CARBON FUELS
AUTOS
BOATS
TRAINS
multi-sector approach that
involves all stakeholders.
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Japan’s Approach
to CO2 Reduction
Yoshiyasu Nao
President
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
5 March 2008
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
CO2 emissions in Japan’s transport sector are decreasing.
In line with the Kyoto Protocol, the Japanese government formulated a
target achievement plan which established CO2 reduction targets for all
major sectors including the transport sector.
Since peaking in 2001, CO2 emissions in Japan’s transport sector have
been on a downward trend, dropping to 254 million tons in 2006. Through
greater automotive fuel efficiency, improved traffic flow, the wider use of
alternative-energy vehicles and other measures including the adoption of
eco-driving practices, the transport sector’s target for 2010 is achievable.
Greater
fuel
efficiency
21.0
CO2 Emission Volumes in Japan’s Transport Sector
Other:
5.6
An estimated 54.9 million tons of CO2 will not be emitted (through greater fuel
efficiency: 21 million tons; through improved traffic flow: 28.3 million tons; through
wider use of alternative-energy vehicles and other measures : 5.6 million tons) in
order to meet Japan’s Kyoto Protocol-related transport-sector target.
Improved
traffic
flow:
28.3
million
tons
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Source: Ministry of Environment data
2010
Source: JAMA
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Achieving Greater Fuel Efficiency
★The average fuel efficiency of new cars sold in Japan is increasing every year, making a significant contribution to CO 2
reduction.
★Japan’s 2010 fuel efficiency standard for passenger cars has already been met (and in fact exceeded), as a result of
intensive efforts and considerable financial investment by Japan’s automakers.
★Reducing CO2 emissions in the transport sector by 21 million tons through greater fuel efficiency, as per Japan’s Kyoto
Protocol Target Achievement Plan, is achievable.
★JAMA member companies are now working hard towards compliance with Japan’s very stringent 2015 fuel efficiency
standard for passenger cars.
Trend in the Average Fuel-Efficiency Performance of Gasoline-Powered Passenger Cars
Average fuel efficiency performance
(new vehicles)
2015 fuel efficiency target
Average fuel efficiency for new
cars sold in Japan reached 16.0
km/l in 2006, exceeding the
2010 target of 15.1 km/l.
Despite the achievements in fuel
efficiency performance to date,
meeting the 2015 target remains a
major challenge.
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Improving Traffic Flow
Improved traffic flow contributes to CO2 reduction by enabling increased vehicle
speed, which in turn contributes to greater automotive fuel efficiency.
CO2 emissions
Improved traffic flow is achieved
through:
CO2 emission levels
○Improvements to road
infrastructure
○Greater efficiency in goods
distribution
○Wider application of ITS
○Use of advanced signal-control
systems
Etc.
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Source: Japan Automobile Research Institute data
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Adopting an Integrated Sectoral Approach
to CO2 Reduction
Improving automotive fuel efficiency and traffic flow is not enough to reduce CO2 emissions in the road
transport sector. An integrated approach is required, which includes the development and supply of
alternative fuels and a more efficient use of vehicles. The adoption of these measures will ultimately
make CO2 reduction efforts compatible with economic growth.
All stakeholders concerned should identify their individual responsibilities and make their best efforts to
carry them out, in a framework of mutual cooperation.
Government/
Fuel suppliers/
Automakers
Automakers/
Government
[fuel efficiency
standards]
Greater
Fuel Efficiency
Supply of
Alternative
Fuels
[biofuels, etc.]
Vehicle users
Government
[road infrastructure
upgrades, ITS, enforcement of parking bans,
etc.]
Improved
Traffic Flow
More
Efficient
Use of
Motor
Vehicles
(with the cooperation of
fleet operators &
government promotion)
[eco-driving, vehicle sharing,
more efficient goods
distribution, shift to rail
transport, etc.]
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Summary
★CO2 reductions in the transport sector can be achieved through
comprehensive measures including greater automotive fuel efficiency
(through improved vehicle technologies), improved traffic flow
(through road infrastructure improvements including better traffic
management), and the more efficient use of vehicles.
★Under Japan’s Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan, an
integrated, sectoral approach to reducing road transport CO2
emissions is steadily proving successful.
★The sectoral approach can be adopted globally on a country-bycountry basis. JAMA hopes that many countries will decide to adopt
this approach and take action accordingly, so that CO2 reductions can
be achieved worldwide.
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Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
Thank you!
Read our annual environment report
@www.jama-english.jp
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Overview of Current Fuel consumption targets
in EU, US and Japan
 Corporate Average Fuel Economy
(Uniform Target)
 Parametric approach:
Weight (segmentation)
 Present target: 27,5 mpg
= ~ 204 gCO2/km (US Cycle)
 Future Target: 16.8 km/l by 2015
= 138 g CO2/km (Japan Cycle)
 Penalties: 5,5 $ per 0,1 mpg
= ~ 5 € per gCO2/km x vol. cars
 Penalties: ~ 6.000 €/manufacturer
 Future Target: 35 mpg by 2020
= ~ 160 gCO2/km (US Cycle)
 Integrated Approach: Approximately
50% CO2 reduction by infrastructure
 Parametric approach: Weight (segmentation)
Commission
proposal
- under
discussion
 Target: 120 gCO2/km by 2012
(130 g through Vehicle Technology
- 10 g through Complementary measures & biofuels)
 Penalties: 2012 / 2013 / 2014 / 2015
20 / 35 / 60 / 95 € / g CO2/km x vol. cars
 Integrated Approach :
5 gr CO2 reduction by biofuels –
NO reduction by Infrastructure
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