Transcript Slide 1
GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPLICATION TOWARD URBAN SPACE IN INDONESIA Amiluhur Soeroso Researcher at PUSTRAL Gadjah Mada University [email protected] Workshop Mapping Causal Complexity in Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Melbourne, Australia 1 Structure of Presentation • Introduction • Current condition of Indonesia • Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure • Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy • Closing Remarks 2 Introduction • Indonesian geographical position one of the most vulnerable nations towards climate change impact – cities more vulnerable to flood – rural areas will have fresh water shortages. – The warming mountain areas widen the habitat for disease vectors. – high sea level and tidal wave cause abrasion and threaten coastal settlements. 3 Current Condition in Indonesia (1) • Spatial planning is aimed at sustainable development for environmental prosperity • 70 percent of infrastructures development in Indonesia is centered in Java, Sumatera and Bali Islands • Infrastructures dispersion is not well-arranged, that it caused spatial structuring failure • The contribution of urban activities to Green House Effect (GHE) is about 60 percent • Related to the context of climate change, this factor worsens the problems of fresh water provided for urban areas 4 Current Condition in Indonesia (2) • Illegal logging in highland and thus have increased erosion, properties and settlements built in river banks areas causes stream area in critical condition • 35 thousand hectares of primary and secondary forestland has conversed to plantation and settlements every year • Mangrove forest in Indonesia only remains 50 percent or 3.5 million hectares. • The increase of flood intensity caused by global warming is predicted to be nine times greater in the next decades 5 Current Condition in Indonesia (3) • Increasing sea level and flood will threat many areas : – Airports – Polonia (Medan), Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta), Juanda (Surabaya), Ngurah Rai (Denpasar), Hassanudin (Makassar) and Ahmad Yani (Semarang). – Harbours – Belawan (Medan), Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Mas (Semarang), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), Pontianak and Makassar. – Road along of eastern Sumatera, northern Java (JakartaSurabaya) and central Sulawesi (Pare-pare-Bulukumba via Makassar). – Irrigation network at food area centre of northern Java, eastern Sumatera and southern Sulawesi. 6 Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure • Holistic (ecological) planning is required in adaptation plan (Keraf, 2002) – facts cannot be separated from values – the use of synergy systemic relation – in making policy, comprehensive consideration to the aspects of value, culture, economic benefit, etc. is taken into account • The characteristics of holistic paradigm are (Howitt, 2001). – – – – – the balance proportion between the central and local authorities multidimensional views Cooperation attention to varieties and integration comprehensive development. 7 Conceptual Framework For Urban Infrastructure Adaptation 8 Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (1) 9 Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (2) 10 Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (3) 11 Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (4) 12 Closing Remarks (1) • In changing the context of the future spatial planning in Indonesia, the growth measurement should be shifted to holistic development • Sustainable economic development can be achieved when the balance in ecological functions is maintained • Involve local community • Appropriate spatial planning needs to be conducted by referring to Bali agenda road map 13 Closing Remarks (2) • The adaptation efforts to climate change require: – international cooperation to support the actions – risk management and risk reduction strategy – diversification in the economic sector to build resilience. • Challenges in the implementation of spatial governance: – – – – the needs of improvement in all related sectors the technical and methodological aspects the capacity and interests of the stakeholders the most crucial one, funding. 14 THANK YOU 15