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GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPLICATION TOWARD URBAN SPACE IN INDONESIA Amiluhur Soeroso Gadjah Mada University [email protected] Workshop Mapping Causal Complexity in Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Melbourne, Australia 1 Structure of Presentation • Introduction • Current condition of Indonesia • Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure • Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy • Closing Remarks 2 Introduction • Indonesian geographical position one of the most vulnerable nations towards climate change impact – cities more vulnerable to flood – rural areas will have fresh water shortages. – The warming mountain areas widen the habitat for disease vectors. – high sea level and tidal wave cause abrasion and threaten coastal settlements. 3 Ring of Fire 4 Current Condition in Indonesia (1) • 70 percent of infrastructures development in Indonesia is centered in Java, Sumatera and Bali Islands • Infrastructures dispersion is not well-arranged, that it caused spatial structuring failure • The contribution of urban activities to Green House Effect (GHE) is about 60 percent • Related to the context of climate change, this factor worsens the problems of fresh water provided for urban areas 5 Current Condition in Indonesia (2) • Illegal logging in highland and thus have increased erosion --- properties and settlements built in river banks areas --causes stream area in critical condition • The increase of flood intensity caused by global warming is predicted to be nine times greater in the next decades 6 Mangrove • Mangrove forest in Indonesia only remains 50 percent or 3.5 million hectares 7 Forest Damage • 35 thousand hectares of primary and secondary forestland has conversed to plantation and settlements every year 8 Current Condition in Indonesia (3) • Increasing sea level and flood will threat many areas : – Airports – Polonia (Medan), Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta), Juanda (Surabaya), Ngurah Rai (Denpasar), Hassanudin (Makassar) and Ahmad Yani (Semarang). – Harbours – Belawan (Medan), Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Mas (Semarang), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), Pontianak and Makassar. – Road along of eastern Sumatera, northern Java (Jakarta-Surabaya) and central Sulawesi (Pare-pareBulukumba via Makassar). – Irrigation network at food area centre of northern Java, eastern Sumatera and southern Sulawesi. 9 Threatened Seashore Cities & Estuary Land 10 Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure – comprehensive consideration to the aspects of value, culture, economic benefit, etc. is taken into account – Cooperation all sector 11 THANK YOU 12