Transcript Indonesia Jobs Report

Common Disasters and
Uncommon Responses
Shamima Khan
Common Disasters and
Uncommon Responses
Shamima Khan
February 24, 2011
Knowledge Series – Emerging Indonesia
MC 9-401
Key Messages
1. Indonesia remains vulnerable to disasters with high risks and
high costs - prevention is increasingly important
2. Indonesia has developed successful responses – a result of
government leadership and broad partnerships
3. There are many lessons learned from the Indonesia experience –
effective models can be replicated globally, and challenges
remain
1. Indonesia remains vulnerable to
disasters with high risks and high costs –
prevention is increasingly important
Indonesia’s Disaster Context
Indonesia’s
Indonesia’s
Landslide
Tsunami
Risk
Risk
Indonesia’s
Earthquake
Risk
Indonesia’s
Flood
Risk
For all of Indonesia, exposure to
disasters is high
Probability/Risk:
Climate change:
Exposure:
Preparedness:
varies significantly
increases risks
high
reduces vulnerability,
reduces losses
Costs and Financing
Small disasters also contribute to huge costs
Aceh Tsunamii US$ 4.45 bn
Yogyakarta earthquake
US$ 3.13 bn
2000-08, 20% of total humanitarian aid spent on disaster relief;
prevention support increased from 0.1% to 0.8%
Percentage of D&L in 5 Key Sectors
Damage and Losses of Disasters
Percentage of D&L in 5 Key Sectors
Divine intervention?
120%
Productive-D
80%
Other Social-L
Other
Social-D
Productive-L
60%
Productive-D
Education-L
Other Social-L
Education-D
Other Social-D
40%
Education-L
Transport-L
Education-D
Transport-D
20%
Transport-L
Housing-L
Transport-D
0%
Housing-L
Housing-D
Housing-D
Akca
ehrt
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unlo
amo
id
BYeog
ya
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kaurta
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Ja
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ng a
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W
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Wm
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EEQQ
erW
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M
ptEQ
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io
ap
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iE
ru
pt
io
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Ja
ta
EQ
-20%
ka
r
gy
a
Productive-L
100%
Human intervention… Quality of Construction
(Prevention reduces losses)
Events
Events
Focused Interventions Can
Reduce Vulnerability: Schools
30,000
Schools- Earthquake Risk Index
25,000
Legend:
: Very High
: High
: Moderate
: Low
: Very Low
20,000
15,000
Senior High
Junior High
10,000
5,000
-
Elementary
2. Indonesia has developed successful
responses – a result of government
leadership and broad partnerships
10/16/08
MDTFs for Reconstruction and
Rehabilitation
The Multi Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias (MDF):



Established April 2005; 15 Donors; US$678 million
Support post-tsunami rehab/recon. of Aceh and Nias
Open menu approach, six focus areas
The Java Reconstruction Fund (JRF):



Established 2006; 7 Donors; US$ 94 million
Support post-earthquake rehab/recon. of Central
Java/Yogyakarta and tsunami affected West Java
Providing Housing and Livelihoods recovery
10/16/08
MDF Focus Areas of Support
Recovery of Communities
(Rekompak)
Enhancing Recovery Process
(DRR-A)
Large Infra. & Transport
(IRFF)
Governance and Capacity
Blding
(ILO Roads)
Sustaining the Environment
(AFEP)
Economic Devt. And Livelihood
(EDFF)
JRF Focus Areas of Support
Recovery of Communities
(CSRRP/Rekompak)
Recovery of Livelihoods
(IOM)
Innovations in Design and Structure
•
Government
•
•
•
Institutional structures matched to nature of
reconstruction needs
Agenda and priority setting
MDF-JRF
•
•
•
•
•
Inclusive Governance Structure
Forum for policy dialog and coordination
Flexible Funding – gap filling
Range of Partner and Implementing Agencies
Builds on Existing Mechanisms and Programs
 Govt. leads, partners support
 Gap filling, in key phases
3. … many lessons learned from Indonesia –
effective models can be replicated globally,
but challenges remain
Replication: Models and Lessons Learned
• Models:
 Community Based Housing – ownership, transparency, cost-effectiveness
 Mainstreaming DRR – Existing WB-Govt partnerships a key asset (e.g. in
Indonesia PNPM, BOSKITA, DAK)
 Aceh – linkages of recon, post-conflict programming and broader devt.
• Lessons Learned:
 Govt: strong institutional capacity, specialized authorities, policy and
strategy
 Partners: pre-existing programs, multiple PAs/IAs, internal emergency
processes
 Programs: Adapting to changing needs, sequencing, timelines geared
for speed and closure, exit strategy
 Financing: Mix of prevention/response, Incentive for prevention
• South-South Exchanges:
resource on post-disaster recovery
Indonesia emerging as regional
A New Framework: IMDFF
1. Challenges:
• High Disaster Risk
• Also related to Climate
Change
IMDFF
Standing Fund
Inclusive Governance
2 Windows
2. Desired Attributes:
•
•
•
•
Ownership
Speed
Quality/ Oversight
Flexibility
Proactive, not Reactive
Activities
• Response
• Preventive
• DRR
• Financing
• Capacity
Building
• Housing
• Infrastructure
• Livelihoods
Challenges to Address
External:
• Climate change and increasing vulnerability
• Changing mindsets to prevention, preparedness
• Government’s institutions and systems
Internal:
• Bank’s processes (procurement, safeguards)
• Risk aversion to complex engagements
• Working with different partners
Conclusions and Questions
Summary:
 Indonesia can benefit from global experience on prevention
 Indonesia has lessons to offer on response
 Indonesia is well positioned to manage disasters on both
prevention and response
 Development partners can support by strengthening the relevant
institutions who have the mandate
Some Open Questions:
 Rapid Response policies and procedures for governments?
 Quality, speed, ownership – where’s the balance for acceptable
levels of losses?
 Before or After Disasters – how to match needs to partners?
 Can we design a “Callable Resources” model?
Terima Kasih!
Thank You!