Transcript Nina Renshaw

Towards sustainable transport:
Focus on freight
Nina Renshaw
Transport and Environment
Open Days, Brussels, 7 October 2008
www.transportenvironment.org
T&E membership
Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, FYROM,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK
51 Members – 23 Countries
www.transportenvironment.org
Focus on freight
• Why focus on freight?
• Trends and impacts
• Policy approaches
• Real life examples
• Recommendations
www.transportenvironment.org
Freight transport growth
Freight transport growth in
Europe (1990-2003) + 43%
Double the rate of
passenger transport
growth
Outpacing 30% GDP
growth
Projected growth road
freight transport demand
(2000-2020) + 52%
Source: EEA, 2008
www.transportenvironment.org
Oil consumption in transport
450
400
Ships
350
Aircraft
Rail & inl. shipping
Mtoe
300
250
Cars
200
150
100
Lorries
50
0
1990
road
1992
road
rail
1994
1996
1998
inland navigation
2000
air
2002
sea
www.transportenvironment.org
Modal split
Inner-EU freight transport
5%
5%
17%
Road
Rail
Inland Navigation
Other
73%
Source: Eurostat, Statistics in Focus, 38/ 2008
www.transportenvironment.org
Comparison climate performance by mode
Source: CE Delft, To shift or not to shift, 2003
www.transportenvironment.org
Transport and climate
www.transportenvironment.org
Time to tackle demand
www.transportenvironment.org
Time to tackle demand
• Vehicles are slowly getting cleaner in
terms of air pollution (EURO IV, V…)
• Painfully slow progress on vehicle
noise
• No rules on trucks’ fuel efficiency
BUT Technological improvements
are cancelled out by traffic growth!
www.transportenvironment.org
… by getting the prices right
Current prices in freight transport do not
include the costs imposed on society:
Air pollution, noise, climate change,
accidents, congestion
EU Treaty Article 174 (2): Polluter-pays principle
“environmental damage should as a priority
be rectified at source and the polluter should
pay.”
www.transportenvironment.org
Experience of km-charging
Benefits found include: (CH, DE, AT, CZ –
Stockholm, London)
• Better load factor, reduced empty driving
• Cleaner (newer) fleet composition
• Reduced emissions
• Revenues / Fast cost payback
• No effect on consumer prices
But… traffic diversion, modal shift moderate.
Km-charges coming soon in HU,
SK, FR, SE, NL
www.transportenvironment.org
The Swiss example
• More efficiency: +16% tkm; -6% vkm
• Cut emissions: -10% PM; -16% NOx; -4% CO2
• Modal split (2007): 64% rail, 26% road
• Revenue (2006): €900Million
• 2/3 to public transport fund for alpine rail
links, international rail links, noise reduction
• 1/3 to local authorities
www.transportenvironment.org
Smart demand management
and use of revenues
Fee variation by time, place, emissions class
EU Recommendation for use revenues to benefit
transport sector and optimise transport system
- road maintenance, public transport, rail…
Also possible: Management by local authorities
T&E prefers: Use charges on pollution, congestion
etc to decrease taxes on positive inputs, such as
employment. Green charges’ « Double dividend »
www.transportenvironment.org
Key benefits of road charging
• Economic
– Improved efficiency and innovation in road freight
sector
– Reduced congestion
– Revenues (double dividend)
• Social
– Who suffers from noisy and polluted roads? Who are
the victims of climate change?
– Reduced pressure on oil prices
• Environmental
– Improved air quality, less noise, reduced GHG
emissions, cleaner fleet, local differentiation.
Conclusion: smart charging now!
Technology improvements are great news… but not
enough, tackling transport demand is unavoidable
New “Eurovignette” Directive currently under discussion:
An opportunity to – finally - allow Member States to
internalise of external costs in road tolls
It can be done: We know why, we know
how, we know it works – Why wait?
www.transportenvironment.org
Thank you
[email protected]
www.transportenvironment.org