Transcript BACKGROUND TO THE EUROPEAN TRANSPORT POLICY 01x

BACKGROUND TO EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN
TRANSPORT POLICY
BELGRADE APRIL 2012
HUGH REES
Slide 2
• Transport is important in its own right – 5% of
GDP
• BUT even more important for a common or
now a single market.
• Treaty of Rome only 2 Common policies

Agriculture

Transport.
Slide 3
• Main points of transport title Treaty of Rome
• Common rules applicable to international
transport from or passing through a Member
State.
• Conditions under which non-resident carriers
may operate services within a M/S
• Measures to improve transport safety
• Other appropriate provisions.
• Agreed in transitional period.
• State aids compatible-Important for public
transport.
Slide 4
• Although transport was given its own Title in
Treaty progress on policy was very slow.
• Member States had different views on policy
often tended to be regulatory and
protectionist.
• Little progress until mid- 1980`s when issue
was taken up by the European Parliament.
• The European Parliament decided to take the
Council to the European Court for nonimplementation.
Slide 5
• The European Court found in favour of the
Parliament.(1985)
• In the mid 1980`s the Commission launched
the concept of the Single Market including
Transport. This was put in force by the Treaty
of Maastricht.
• It became evident that the lack of progress in
introducing common Europe wide rules was
having a negative effect.
• At last progress improved on the Single
market.
Slide 6
• The Commission produced a new White Paper
in 1992.
• THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
COMMON TRRANSPORT POLICY
• A GLOBAL APPROACH TO THE
CONSTRUCTION OF A COMMUNITY
FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY.
SLIDE 7
• MAIN PROPOSALS :
• A SINGLE MARKET FREE OF UNNECESSARY
RED TAPE AND QUANTATIVE RESTRICTIONS.
• IMPROVED COMPTITIVESNESS OF TRANSPORT
FIRMS.
• BETTER FINANCIAL PERFORMACE AND
SERVICES LEVELS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
• MEASURES TO PROTECT THE
ENVIRONMENT.Lisbon Treaty.
• THERE WAS CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS ON
MARKET OPENING.
SLIDE 8
• WHAT WERE THE RESULTS OF THE POLICY
• AS PERHAPS TO BE EXPECTED THEY WERE
POSTIVE AND NEGATIVE.
• ON THE POSITIVE SIDE
 PRICES WENT DOWN
NEW SERVICES WERE PRODUCED e.g. air
EMPTY RUNNING DIMINISHED
NEGATIVE
• ENVIRONMENT, PETROL DEPENDENCY AND
SAFETY .
Slide 9
• FREIGHT TRANSPORT GROWTH
RAIL
ROAD
INLAND
WATERWAYS
1970
207
377
101
1980
194
581
104
1990
176
797
105
SLIDE 10
• MODAL SHARES FREIGHT
RAIL
ROAD
INLAND
WATERWAYS
1970
27.8
50.6
13.6
1980
20.2
60.6
10.8
1990
15.4
69.9
9.2
SLIDE 11
• PASSENGER TRAFFIC
RAIL
BUS
COACH
PRIVATE
CARS
AIR
1970
182
214
1390
41
1980
209
278
2033
92
1990
231
313
2776
196
SLIDE 12
• MODAL SPLIT PASSENGERS.
RAIL
BUSES
COACHES
PRIVATE
CARS
AIR
1970
10.0
11.7
76.1
2
1980
8.0
10.6
77.8
1990
6.6
8.9
79.0
SLIDE 13
• OVERALL SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WERE
• BECAUSE REAL PRICES WENT DOWN
TRANSPORT DEMAND WENT UP MORE THAN
GDP PARTICULARLY FOR FREIGHT
• THE INCREASE WENT MAINLY TO ROAD
TRANSPORT AS THE MARKET OPENING WAS
GREATEST AND EXTERNAL COSTS WERE NOT
COVERED.
• CONGESTION BECAME WIDESPREAD ON THE
ROADS URBAN AREAS AND SOME AIRPORTSREPRESENTING 0.5 OF GDP
SLIDE 14
• THIS WAS THE SITUATION IN 2000.
• A NEW WHITE PAPER WAS ISSUED
EUROPEAN TRANSPORT POLICY FOR 2010
A TIME TO DECIDE .
• THE WHITE PAPER WAS AIMED TO TRY TO
FIND A WAY TO ENSURE THAT TRANSPORT
POLICY REMAINED FOCUSSED ON EFFICINCY
BUT ALSO TOOK ACCOUNT OF THE NEED TO
BE SUSTAINABLE.
• IN PARTICULAR IT NOTED THAT TRANSPORT :
SLIDE 15
• CREATED HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE
ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH AND ACCIDENTS
.TRANSPORT REPRESENTED 28%OF CO2 WHICH
WAS FORECAST TO RISE BY 50% BY 2010
• PETROL REPRESENTED 98% OF ENERGY USE
ALTHOUGH CLEAR SIGNS OF PEAK OIL WERE
CLEAR.
• ECONOMIC GROWTH WILL GENERAL NEW
DEMANDS FOR TRANSPORT FORECAST AT 24%
FOR PASSENGERS AND 38% FOR FREIGHT BY
2010.
• ROAD DEATHS 40.000 PA.
SLIDE 16
• RECOMMENDED APPROACH
• A SERIES OF MEASURES TO RETURN MODAL
SPLIT TO THE 1998 LEVEL BY 2010.
• MEASURES WOULD INCLUDE BETTER
PRICING,MORE TARGETED INVESTMENT IN
INFRASTRUCTURE, REVITALISING THE
RAILWAYS,IMPROVING QUALITY IN ROAD
TRANSPORT,PROMOTING SEA AND INLAND
WATERWAYS TRANSPORT.REORGANISING AIR
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT. REDUCING THE
NUMBER OF DEATHS ON THE ROAD BY 50%
SLIDE 17
• POSITION IN 2010
• THE PROPOSALS HAVE ONLY BEEN PARTIALLY
SUCCESSFUL
 ECONOMIC ; MARKET OPENING , COSTS ,FUEL
DEPENDEPENCY, INFRASTRUCTURE
 SOCIAL ; CONSUMERS , ACCIDENTS.
 ENVIRONMENTAL , CO2 OTHER POLLUTANTS.
• TRANSPORT POLICY HAS PROGRESSED FROM THE
STAGE OF CREATING A COMMON SET OF RULES THAT
WERE NON DISCRIMINATORY AND JUSTIFABLE . THE
SINGLE MARKET IN THIS RESPECT HAS VERY LARGELY
BEEN ACHIEVED.
• WHAT IS MUCH MORE DIFFICULT IS TO MAKE THE
SYSTEM SUSTAINABLE.