Transcript Bone Disorders - Lemon Bay High School

Bone Disorders
Honors Anatomy &
Physiology
Ms. Susan Chabot
Categories of Bone Disorders
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Nutritional
Cancer
Aging process
Trauma
Infection
Genetic/Congenital Abnormalities
Endocrine problems
Nutritional problems
•Osteomalacia:
– softening of bones
due to decreased
mineral content.
– Inadequate amount
of calcium salts are not
laid in the bone matrix.
•Rickets:
–softening of bone due
to calcium and/or
vitamin D deficiency.
Cancer
•Osteosarcoma:
– Develops from osteoblasts.
– Effects teens when
experiencing a growth spurt.
– Boys more likely to develop
than girls.
– Most commonly in the leg.
Aging Process
•Osteopenia:
–proper term for
osteoporosis.
–main symptom is
translucency of bones on an
X-ray.
Trauma
• Fractures
Infection
• Osteomyelitis:
– Infection of the bone.
– Develops after severe local trauma with
an associated open fracture.
Genetic/Anatomical problems
• Cleft palate:
– Occurs due to random mutation or
vitamin deficiency.
– Failure of the maxilla/palatine to
completely fuse during fetal development.
– Surgical correction is possible.
• Spina bifida:
– neural tube defect; failure of
vertebrae to fuse during fetal
development.
– severity of disorder is dependent
on location of opening; the lower
the opening the better for
functionality.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans
Progressiva (FOP)
Bone forms in muscles, tendons, ligaments and other
connective tissues. Bridges of extra bone develop across
joints, progressively restricting movement and forming a
second skeleton that imprisons the body in bone.
Genetic/Physiological problems
• Marfan’s syndrome:
– typically very tall or taller than
unaffected people in their family.
– slender and loose jointed.
– roof of the mouth may be
arched, causing the teeth to be
crowded.
– sternum (breastbone) that is
either protruding or indented
– curvature of the spine (scoliosis)
– flat feet.
• Achondroplasia:
– most common form of shortlimb dwarfism.
– characteristic features
(apparent at birth)
• facial features
• disproportionate short stature
• proximal ends of the limbs
shorten.
• final adult height is in the range
of 4 feet.
• Osteogenesis imperfecta:
– Causes bones to break easily despite
good nutrition.
– Genetic disorder which results in:
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fragile bones
low bone mass
limb deformities
due to no/poor quality of collagen
Endocrine problems:
TOO MUCH
Gigantism:
•Due to the over secretion
of Growth hormone before
puberty has ended.
Acromegaly:
•Due to the over secretion
of Growth hormone after
puberty has ended.
Endocrine problems:
TOO LITTLE
Pituitary Dwarfism:
•Due to the UNDER secretion
of Growth hormone.