Transcript 1.2 Anatomy
1.2 Anatomy, Biomechanics and Physiology How the body responds to exercise Anatomy Anatomy: The structure and function of the body *muscles *movement *antagonist *bones * joints *agonist Biomechanics The study of the mechanics of the body e.g a golf swing *centre of gravity *base of support *line of support *force summation, *speed-height-angle of release *newton's laws of motion *projectiles Physiology Physiology: the study of how the body responds to exercise *heart rate *sweating *breathing *blood pressure *energy systems *F.I.T.T *components of fitness Muscles and Bones What bones make up the following synvoial (freely moveable) joints? Ankle (3), knee (4), hip (2), elbow (3), Shoulder (3) What muscles move the following joints? Ankle (2), knee (2), hip (2), elbow (2), Shoulder (3) Joint movement Flexion: narrowing the angle of a joint, on the ‘front’ (anterior) of the body except for knee Joint movement Extension: widening the angle of a joint, on the ‘back’ (posterior) of the body except for knee Joint movement Abduction: moving a limb (leg or arm) away from the body Adduction: moving a limb towards the body Joint movement Rotation: turning bones in a circular motion at a joint Joint movement Match the movement with the muscles that cause it Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Knee flexion Knee extension Hip flexion Hip extension Trunk flexion Elbow flexion Elbow Extension Shoulder flexion Shoulder extension abdominals anterior deltoid, pectorals bicep tricep posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi tibialis anterior gastrocnemius quadriceps hamstring hip flexors (iliopsoas) gluteals Agonist/Antagonist *All muscles work in pairs The agonist muscle is the contracting muscle and the antagonist is the relaxing muscle Agonist/Antagonist e.g when you do a bicep curl the biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes to allow the movement to happen Agonist/antagonist Match the muscles together with the joint [the muscles above the joint move it] Ankle Knee Hip Elbow Shoulder gluteals and hip flexors deltoid, pectorals and latissimus dorsi bicep and tricep tibialis anterior and gastocnemius quadriceps and hamstring