Transcript Endocrinology - You Can Do It!

Posture
Introduced By You Friend:
Amal Abd-Almunem
What is static posture?
Static posture is the posture where the
body and its segments are aligned and
maintained in a certain position
(standing, lying, sitting)
When do we have static
posture?
When all body segments, muscles and
ligaments are in equilibrium.
What is dynamic posture?
Static posture is the posture where the
body and its segments are moving.
(walking, running, jumping, throwing and
lifting)
What are the things that affect
the posture? (postural control
depends on the integrity of which
systems?)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Musculoskeletal system
Visual system
Vestibular system
Input from the receptors in and around
the joints
What are the forces acting on
the body?
Gravity
Inertia ( in dynamic posture)
Ground Force Reaction (GFR)
What happens when the line of
gravity pass anterior to the
segment (e.g. femur + tibia)?
It will create a moment, and pull the
proximal part (femur) toward it,
because it is a force and therefore the
femur will go anteriorly
What happens when the line of
gravity passes anterior to the
ankle joint?
The proximal tibia will move anteriorly
causing dorsi-flexion
What makes the foot in
neutral position?
Due to the activity of planter flexion to
bring the tibia to the normal position.
How does the line of gravity pass
in the knee joint normally?
It normally passes anterior to the joint
and posterior to the patella
What will happen in the
previous case?
The proximal segment (femur) will move
anteriorly, this will cause the knee joint
to protect the knee from hyper
extension
Where is the line of gravity in
the hip joint?
It passes slightly posterior to the axis of
rotation of the hip joint.
How can we bring the pelvis
from posterior?
The hip flexor (ilopsoas) will flex hip and
bring it again anteriorly
What will happen if the lumbosacral
angle is more than 30 degree?
This will cause lordosis, because the line
of gravity passes anteriorly to the
sacroiliac joint, so it will pull the sacrum
forward and downward, the brain sends
signals to pull muscles into proper
position.
What is the case in the
vertebral column?
It passes posterior to the cervical and
lumber and anterior to the thorax
Where does the line of gravity
pass in the head, and what does it
do?
It passes posterior to the coronal suture
through the ear, anterior to the axis of
rotation of flexion and extension.
It will pull the head anteriorly causing
flexion
What happens if the line of
gravity passes posterior to the
knee joint?
This will cause flexion of the knee and
this is not normal
What will happen if one leg is
longer than the other?
The back leans toward the shorter, the
spine is in scoliosis, and the concave side
is toward the shorter leg.
What happens when a person
tries to touch the ground?
He will flex his hip 90 degree, and the
extra movement will come from the
spine
What happens to the pelvis when
a person tries to do hip flexion?
Anterior tilt
How can a patient do more
than 45 degree hip abduction
The extra degrees come from the lateral
tilt.
Notice!
Normally iliac crests are on one level.
Anterior superior iliac spine & posterior
superior iliac spine are on one horizontal
level. If the patient has anterior tilt,
ASIS moves anteriorly & inferiorly, the
pubis will move superior & posterior.
What will happen to the hip joint
and lumber spine if we have
anterior tilt of the pelvis?
Flexion will happen in the hip joint, and
we’ll have to bind the back in backward
(excessive extension) so that we can
look forward, this called lordosis.
What will happen in the case
of posterior tilt of the pelvis
The hip will be extended, so we’ll have to
bring the body in a straight position,
this will decrease the lordosis of the
spine. This is known as flatting of the
spine.
What happens if the person
stands on the left leg and the
right hip is hiking?
The axis of rotation will be in the left hip
joint, the supported side (left hip) will
be abducted.
What happens if a person stands on
the left leg and drops the right
hip?
The left leg will be adducted
What happens if the right pelvis
is rotating forward and the left
side is the supporting side?
The left hip will be internally rotated and
the opposite is true.
How can we know if the foot is
in the normal shape or not?
We palpate the medial malleolus and then
palpate the navecular bone and the head
of the first metatarsal, then we draw a
line, if the are in a straight line, then
the foot is normal. That line is called
FEISS LINE
How can we know if the person
has a flat foot?
First we draw Feiss line, then we palpate
the navicular bone, if the navicular bone
is below the fesis line then this person
has flat foot. In this case, the
calcaneous is pushed backward and
there is more stress in the metatarsals.
What is Pes Cavus?
It is when the patient has hyper arch, and
the navicular bone will be above the line.
What is hallux valgus?
It is when the patient has lateral
deviation of the big toe at the
metatarsophalangeal joint, so there will
be pressure on the medial side which is
in contact with the shoe.
What is hammer toe?
It is when the patient has hyperextension
in the metatarsophalangeal joint and the
distal interphalangeal joint + flexion in
the proximal interphalangeal joint.
Friction in the shoe will happen and will
cause a problem.
What is claw toe?
It is when the patient has flexion in the
distal and proximal interphalangeal
joints + hyperextension in the
metatarsophalangeal joint.
 Good Luck 