Transcript MUSCULAR SYSTEMx

ANALYSIS OF MOVEMENT
AS PE
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
By the end of the lesson you should be able to…
• Recall some of the major muscles used to
produce skeletal movement
• Understand key terms related to how muscles
cause movement
WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
Role of Muscle
• Muscles provide movement and generate
forces to carry out daily tasks
• The effect and efficiency of the muscles is
largely dependant on training
• We are not always in control of the movement
our muscles generate
Types of Muscle Tissue
Cardiac
– Only found in heart
– Involuntary and contracts continuously
– Fatigue resistant
Smooth
– Blood Vessels, Gut, other internal organs
– Involuntary
– Fatigue resistant
Skeletal
– Attached to skeleton
– Voluntary
– Sensitive to fatigue
Types of Muscle
Muscle
Location
Speed of
contractions
Respiration
Cardiac
Heart
Slow
Aerobic
Skeletal
Attached to bones
Slow to fast
Aerobic and
anaerobic
Smooth
Hollow organs and
arteries
Slow
Mainly aerobic
Location of Major Muscles
• Identify the location of the below muscles on the
diagram provided:
Biceps, Triceps, Deltoids, Pectoralis Major, Rectus
Abdominis, Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Obliques,
Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
medialis, vastus intermedius), Hamstring (biceps
femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus),
Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis anterior
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
ACTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Agonist/prime mover-The muscle directly responsible for the
movement at a joint and will typically shorten
• Example- The bicep is the agonist in flexion at the elbow
ACTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Antagonist- The muscle that lengthens to allow movement to
occur at the joint.
• Example- The triceps brachii will lengthen to allow the bicep
brachii to contract and cause flexion at the elbow
EXAMPLES…..
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Extension at the elbow joint
Extension at the knee joint
Flexion of the hip
Dorsi Flexion of the ankle
ANSWERS…..
Extension at the elbow joint
 AGONIST: Tricep
 ANTAGONIST: Bicep
Extension at the knee joint
 AGONIST: Quadriceps
 ANTAGONIST: Hamstrings
Flexion of the hip
 AGONIST: Hip Flexors
 ANTAGONIST: Gluteals
Dorsi Flexion of the ankle
 AGONIST: Tibialis Anterior
 ANTAGONIST: Gastrocnemius
ACTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Origin = The attachment of the muscle on to a bone nearer
the midline of the body (proximal end)
• Example- The origin of the bicep is the Scapula
ACTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Insertion- The point typically where the muscle attaches to
the bone in which it causes movement to.
• Example- The bicep causes movement of the radius therefore
the insertion is on the radius bone.
ACTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Synergist- Muscles that prevent any undesired movements in
the body.
• Example- As the biceps brachii contracts and causes flexion at
the elbow, the deltoids stabilise the movement at the
shoulder joint
ACTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Fixator: Muscles that stabilise the origin so the agonist can
work more efficiently.
• Example: The trapezius will stabilise the scapula, upon which
the bicep brachii attaches. The bicep brachii thus has
something solid to pull against.
MUCLES RECAP
MUSCLES RECAP
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Anterior deltoid: Horizontal Flexion at shoulder
Posterior deltoid: Horizontal Extension at shoulder
Bicep: Flexion at elbow
Tricep: Extension at elbow
Pectorals: Horizontal Flexion
Trapezius: Horizontal extension
Latissimus dorsi: Horizontal extension
Hip Flexors: Flexion at the hip
Gluteals: Extension at the hip
Quadriceps: Extension at the knee
Hamstrings: Flexion at the knee
Gastrocnemius: Plantar Flexion
Tibialis anterior: Dorsi Flexion
HOMEWORK
• Complete the sheet provided