Transcript Medical terminology Unit 5

Medical Terminology Unit 5
Adonis K. Lomibao R.N.
12/13/11
Objectives
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Define & spell key terms
Recognize meanings of common prefixes,
suffixes, and root words.
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Build medical terms from word parts
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List abbreviations commonly used in healthcare
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Describe the organization of the body.
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Name & Locate major organs as part of body
symptoms
Medical Terminology-Intro
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Language of Medical Science & Healthcare
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Terms built by combining:
-Word roots:usually, but not always, referring to
the body or condition that is being treated,
studied, or named by the term.
-Combining form:combination of a vowel added
to the end of the word root.
Intro Cont.
-Prefix:added to the beginning of a word to add to
or change its meaning.
-Suffix: added to the end of a word to change or
add to its meaning.
-Abbreviation: shortened form of the word. (check
policy for approved abbreviations)
- “Do Not Use” list: check policy-altered q3 mos
for patient safety.
Word Roots
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The foundation of the term.
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Can be a prefix or suffix
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Example:
-cyte:cell
-cytology:study of cells
-leukocyte:white blood cell
-polycytosis: illness-too many red & white BC
Body Organization
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Health-a state of well-being in which all parts of
the body and mind are functioning properly.
Disease-any change from the healthy state
Anatomic Terms
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Anatomy-structure
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Physiology-function
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We describe the relationship of the body parts-refer to
the anatomic position.
Anatomic position:
-standing erect-feet slightly separated
-facing the observer
-arms at the sides with the palms forward
Anatomic Position
Descriptive Terms
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Imaginary lines drawn through body provide a
reference.
Midline:divides the body into L and R sides
-Medial:parts close to the midline
-Lateral:parts farther away from the line
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Parallel line to the floor:divides the body into upper &
lower parts.
-Superior-above the line
-Inferior-below the line
Descriptive Terms Cont.
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Third line divides body into front & back
-anterior or ventral: parts in front of line
-posterior or dorsal: parts in back of line
Parts of Attachment
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Extremities: arms & legs
Terms used to describe the relationship
between the parts of the extremities & points of
attachment.
-Proximal: closest to the point of attachment
-Distal: farthest away from the point of
attachment
Abdominal Regions
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4 quadrants-Umbilicus at the center
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Can also be divided into 9 regions
Abdominal Regions
Organization of The Body
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Cell:basic unit of the body
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Tissues: groups of similar cells
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Organs: formed by different tissues
Cells
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Cells perform same basic functions that the
total body performs on a smaller scale.
Cells are specialized
-Epithelial cells
-Nerve cells
-Muscle cells
-Connective tissue cells
Cells Cont.
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Epithelial cells- close together, protective
coverings, sometimes produce body fluids
Nerve cells- carry electrical messages
Muscle cells- shorten or lengthen, change
shape & position of parts attached,control size
of body openings
Connective tissue cells-support & connect body
parts
Tissues
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Epithelial tissue- absorb & secrete fluids,
excrete waste products, and protect.
Nervous tissue- forms the brain, spinal cord,
nerves and in special organs
(eyes/ears/tastebuds)
Muscle tissue-skeletal(voluntary), cardiac,
smooth(involuntary)
Tissues Cont.
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Connective tissue-forms blood, bone, and
fibrous & elastic tissues to hold the skin on the
body, attach muscles to bone, and support cells
throughout the body.
Organs
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Made of more than one kind of tissue
Performs special functions that contribute to
function of body systems.
Some contribute to multiple systems
Systems
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Circulatory
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Endocrine
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Gastrointestinal
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Integumentary
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Muscular
Systems Cont.
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Nervous
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Reproductive
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Respiratory
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Skeletal
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Urinary
Membranes
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Sheets of epithelial tissues supported by
connective tissue
-cover the body
-line body cavities
-produce some body fluids
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Mucous membranes
-produce mucus
-lines cavities open to the outside
Membranes Cont.
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Synovial membranes
-produce synovial fluid
-lines joint cavities
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Serous membranes
-Produce serous fluid
-cover organs and line closed
Cavities
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Spaces that contain the organs
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2 Main-Dorsal & Ventral
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These 2 are lined be serous membranes and
divided into other cavities
Body Cavities
El Fin