Transcript Physical Activity and Fitness

Physical Activity
and Fitness
Mr. Slavinsky
Walter Reed Middle School
7th Grade Health
Section 1: Building Health Skills
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Read Pages 54-58
Students will learn about:
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Why health skills are important
Skills to improve your health knowledge and
behavior
Skills to maintain your personal health and
safety.
Skills that help you interact with others.
Warm-Up
Answer in complete sentences with use of academic vocabulary
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What activities do you think you will enjoy
throughout your life?
Physical Activity and You
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Physical activity is any kind of movement
that causes your body to use energy.
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Participating in physical activity:
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Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles,
and joints.
Helps control weight and reduce fat.
Helps keep blood pressure within a healthy range.
 120/80 mmHg
Physical Activity and You
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Fitness : the ability to handle physical work
and play of everyday life without becoming
tired.
Exercise : a physical activity that is
planned, structured, and repetitive that
improves or maintains personal fitness.
Benefits of Physical Activity
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Healthy weight.
Improved strength and flexibility.
Better performance of heart and lungs.
Higher energy level.
Decreased risk of some diseases.
Stronger bones.
Freedom of movement.
Coordination.
Better Sleep.
Benefits of Social Health
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Extra chance to meet new people.
Share common goals with others.
Ability to interact and cooperate with
others.
Opportunities to use talents to help others.
Benefits of Mental/Emotional Health
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Enhanced self confidence.
Mental alertness.
Reduced stress.
Relaxed attitude.
More enjoyment of free time.
Homework
Answer in complete sentences with use of academic vocabulary
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How do you think participating in
competitive sports can affect a teen’s social
and emotional health?
DUE TOMORROW ON SEPARATE PAPER
Strength
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First element of fitness is strength.
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The ability of your muscles to exert a force.
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Push-ups.
Curl-ups or crunches.
Step-ups.
Endurance
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The second element of fitness is
endurance.
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The ability to perform vigorous physical activity
without getting too tired.
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Heart and Lung Endurance
 How effectively your heart and lungs work during
moderate to heavy physical activity or exercise
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Muscle Endurance
 The ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert a force over a
long period of time
Discussion Questions:
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How can you tell when you are overly tired?
How hard do you think you should push
yourself in continuing a tiring activity?
Why?
Against what standard do you think you
should judge your own endurance? Why?
Exercise
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Two types of exercise:
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Aerobic:
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Rhythmic, non stop activity that requires large amounts of
OXYGEN.
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Walking
Jogging
Swimming
Skiing
Anaerobic
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Intense physical activity that requires little amounts of
OXYGEN.
 Weight lifting
 Sprinting
Flexibility
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The third element of fitness is flexibility.
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The ability to move joints fully and easily.
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Increasing flexibility reduces risk of injury.
 Stretching exercises
 Figure 3.3 on page 57
Homework
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Page 58
#’s 1-6
Answer in complete sentences with
academic vocabulary.
On separate paper.
Due Tomorrow 
Section 2: Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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Read Pages 59-63
Students will learn about:
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Functions of skeletal and muscular system.
How bones and muscles work together to allow
movement.
How to keep your bones and muscles healthy.
Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement
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The skeletal system is the framework of
bones and other tissues that support your
body.
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Gives your body structure and protects organs.
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206 bones
Many joints and connective tissues.
Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement
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Your muscles supply the power to move
your body.
Muscular system made of tissues that
move parts of the body and operate internal
organs.
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More than 600 muscles in human body.
Skeletal System
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Bones do many things:
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Support your body.
Protect your body.
Store calcium and other minerals
Make blood cells.
Bones
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Cranium - Skull
Mandible - Jaw
Clavicle – Collar bone
Scapula – Shoulder blade
Sternum – Breast bone
Humerus – Upper arm
Radius – Forearm (thumb side)
Ulna – Forearm (pinky side)
Carpals – Wrist bones
Metacarpal – Hand bones
Phalanges – Fingers
Femur – Thigh bone
Tibia – Shin bone
Patella – Knee cap
Vertebrae's – Cervical (neck), Thoracic (upper back), Lumbar (lower back),
Joints
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The place where 2 or more bones meet are called joints.
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Pivot Joint – End of one bone rotates inside a ring formed by
another. (Neck)
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Gliding Joint – One part of a bone glides over another bone.
(Vertebrae)
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Allows sideways movement.
Ball and Socket Joint – Ball shaped head of one bone moves
inside cup shaped socket of another. (Hip and Shoulder))
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Can move up and down and from side to side.
Can move in all directions.
Hinge Joint – Joint moves in one direction only. (Knee and
Elbow)
Connective Tissue
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Connective tissue link bones to muscles to that
they can work together.
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Cartilage
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Allows joints to move easily
Cushions bones, supports soft tissues (nose and ear)
Ligaments
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Hold bones in place at the joints.
 Knee and Ankle
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Tendons
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Join muscle to muscle.
Join muscle to bone.
Homework
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On Separate Paper.
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Research Arthritis
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What happens when a person has arthritis?
 Possible Treatments
 ½ Page
Muscular System
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Muscle tissue responds to messages from the
brain.
Muscles contract or shorten to cause movement.
3 Kinds of Muscles:
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Smooth – muscles of internal organs and blood vessels.
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Cardiac – muscles found in the heart
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Involuntary
Involuntary
Skeletal – muscles that control your movement
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Voluntary
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
The Muscular System
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Facial Muscles – open and close eyes, mouth, aid
in chewing, and make facial expressions.
Trapezius – Raises Head
Sternomastoid – Turns head
Deltoid – Raises arm
Pectoralis Major – Moves arm
Biceps Brachii – Bends elbow
External Oblique – Aids breathing
Satorius – Flexes knee and hip
The Muscular System
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Quadriceps femoris – Straightens leg
Extensor digitorum longus – Extends toes
Tibialis anterior – Flexes foot
Biceps femoris – Rotates knee and extends thigh.
Hamstring muscles – bend leg at knee.
Gluteus maximus – extends thigh
Latissimus dorsi – lowers arm
Triceps brachii – straightens arm
Muscular Dystrophy
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Research “Muscular Dystrophy,”
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Create poster talking about
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Tests/Diagnosis
Treatment
Symptoms
Causes/Risk Factors
Different diseases
Due April 1, 2009
Skeletal Muscles
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Skeletal muscles work in pairs.
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One muscles contracts
The other muscle extends.
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Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
 To bend arm, the biceps brachii contract and triceps
brachii extend.
 To straighten arm, the biceps brachii extend, and triceps
brachii contract.
Caring for your Muscles
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Regular Physical Activity
Nutritious Eating Plan
Good Posture
Lift Objects Carefully
Treat injuries quickly
Homework
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Lesson 2 Review
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Page 63
#1-5
Do not copy questions
On Separate Paper
Tech Academy:
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Do # 6 as well.
Section 3: The Circulatory System
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Read Pages 64-68
Students will learn about:
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Functions of the circulatory system.
How blood circulates through the body.
How to keep your circulatory system healthy.
Your Heart and Blood Vessels
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Circulatory System is the group of organs
and tissues that moves essential materials
to body cells and remove waste products.
Also known as
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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Cardio – heart
Vascular – having to do with vessels
Heart
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Organ made out of cardiac muscle.
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Pumps blood throughout the network of blood
vessels.
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3 Types of Vessels:
 Arteries – vessel that carries blood with Oxygen, from
the heart.
 Veins – vessel that carries blood without Oxygen, back
to heart.
 Capillaries – provide body cells with blood and connect
arteries with veins.
How Circulation Works
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Two Types of Circulation:
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Pulmonary Circulation:
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Carries blood from the heart, through the lungs,
and back to the heart.
 Blood becomes enriched with Oxygen.
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Systemic Circulation:
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Sends oxygen rich blood to all the body tissues
except the lungs
Pulmonary and Systemic
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II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and
sends it to the left ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the aorta, the
body’s largest artery.
Aorta carries blood to branching arteries that take it to capillaries
and to cells.
The cells send back wastes such as Carbon Dioxide.
The capillaries deliver this low oxygen blood to veins.
The veins carry the blood to the right atrium of the heart.
The right atrium sends blood to the right ventricle. This part of
the heart sends the low oxygen, high Carbon Dioxide blood to
the lungs.
In the lungs, Carbon Dioxide is removed, and is exhaled.
Oxygen is inhaled and added to the body. Blood is sent to the
heart through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.
Circulation
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Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium  Left
Ventricle  Aorta  Arteries Capillaries
(gas exchange) Capillaries  Veins 
Right Atrium  Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery  Lungs Pulmonary
Vein Left Atrium
Cool Links
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http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/ani
m_heart.html
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/animate/
heart_bloodflow.swf
http://www.ahealthyme.com/Imagebank/he
art.swf
http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/bodybloo
d.htm
Ups and Downs
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Stretch one arm high above your head.
Let the other arm hang down by your side.
Hold position for a minute.
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Record your observations.
What’s In Your Blood
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There are different parts of blood.
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Plasma – yellowish fluid, the watery portion of
blood.
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50% of blood volume.
Red blood cells – Carry oxygen from the lungs
to all body parts.
White blood cells – Fight infection.
Platelets – Help blood clot. Coagulation.
Red Blood Cells
Average Life Cycle :
120 Days
Bones produce New
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
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Destroy foreign
cells
Fight infection
Platelets
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Help blood clot
Why do older
people take baby
aspirin, which is a
blood thinner?
15 Facts
Blood Type:
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Type A
Type B
Type AB
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Universal Recipient
Type O
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Universal Donor
Blood Types
Type
Can Receive
Can Donate To
A
A, O
A, AB
B
B, O
B, AB
AB
A, B, AB, O
AB
O
O
A, B, AB, O
Type O
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Rh Factor
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You can either be Rh positive or Rh
Negative.
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Rh Positive  Can receive blood from both Rh
Positive and Rh Negative individuals.
Rh Negative  Can receive blood from only Rh
Negative individuals
Caring for Circulatory System
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Don’t Do Drugs
Don’t Drink Alcohol
Don’t use Tobacco
EXERCISE!!!
Homework
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Lesson 3 Review
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Page 68
#1-6
Do Not Copy Questions
On Separate Paper
Due Tomorrow 
Chapter Test Friday
What to Know For Test
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Bones (16)
Types of Connective Tissue and Function (3)
Types of Muscles (3)
Types of Joints and Location (4)
Path of Blood
Components of Blood
Blood Types
Types of Circulation (2)
Types of Vessels