Transcript Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Skeletal and Muscular
Systems
To be used with Skeletal and
Muscular Systems Guided Notes
Gaccione/Bakka
Belleville High School
Movement
• Movement is a Life Function for all living
things
– Locomotion: change in position of an
organism
Tropism
Walking/Sliding
“Everybody’s doing a brand new
motion…”
Locomotion
Why do organisms need to move?
• Survival Value of Locomotion
1. Get food and shelter
2. Escape from predators
3. Move to regions better suited to survival
4. Find mates
5. Move away from toxic wastes
Human
Locomotion
• What allows us to move?
– Skeleton and Muscles
cranium
maxilla
clavicle
mandible
sternum
scapula
ribs
humerus
vertebrae
radius
illium
sacrum
carpals &
metacarpals
phalanges
Ulna(un
ishiu
m
femur
patella
Tibia(top)
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
Functions of the Skeleton
• Functions of the skeleton:
1. Supporting framework for internal organs.
2. Attachment sites for muscle.
3. Protects the internal organs.
5. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
4. Provides leverage for body movement.
• The bones also store minerals - calcium.
Cartilage
• Cartilage: tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue
• Cartilage Functions
1. Support
2. Flexibility of joints
3. Cushioning of joints
• Cartilage makes up most of the embryo's skeleton.
• Most of this cartilage changes to bone by adulthood.
• Forensic scientists can tell a persons age by the % of
cartilage and bone.
Compact Bone
Cartilage
Ligaments
• Ligaments:
-tough and elastic tissue that
connects bones to bones
-found at joints
-a sprain is when the ligament
is torn or overextended.
Tendons
• Tendons: tough fibrous cords which
attach muscles to bones
Tendons and Ligaments
•A is a tendon (it connects bone D to
muscle B)
•B is a muscle - bicep
•C is a ligament (connects bones)
•D is the ulna
Muscles
• Muscles
– only body tissue able to contract
– creates movement by flexing and extending
joints
– body energy converters (many muscle cells
contain many mitochondria)
Types of Muscle: Smooth
• Smooth Muscle:
– Smooth in appearance
– Involuntary in action
– Slowly contracting
• but contractions are
long in duration
– Lines blood vessels, alimentary canal, and
body openings
Types of Muscle: Skeletal
• Skeletal Muscle
– Voluntary in action
– Contain many striped
long fibers called striations
– Found in association
with skeletal bones
• the nervous system interacts with skeletal muscles
to produce motion
Types of Muscle: Cardiac
• Cardiac Muscle:
– Involuntary in action
– The hardest working muscle--the heart
– Resembles skeletal
muscle with lined
appearance
Comparison of Muscle Types
Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
Mucsles Work in Pairs
• When biceps contract triceps relax.
• When triceps contracts biceps relax.
Muscle Contractions
• Violent muscle contractions require a lot of
oxygen.
– If oxygen is not available muscle fatigue will
set in.
• Muscle fatigue: results from oxygen debt
– lactic acid accumulates in skeletal muscles
– Muscle can cramp up
– rest with controlled breathing & fluids restores
the oxygen balance
Disruptions in Homeostasis
• Arthritis: joint inflammation
Disruptions in Homeostasis
• Tendonitis: tendon inflammation at bone
junctures
– a common condition in athletes
Disruptions in Homeostasis
• Types of bone breaks (fractures):
– Range from a simple fracture to a compound fracture: