Transcript Locomotion- Powerpoint

Locomotion
change in position of an organism
Survival Value of Locomotion
1. Get food and shelter
2. Escape from predators
3. Move to regions better suited to
survival
4. Find mates
5. Move away from toxic wastes
Functions of the skeleton
1. Supporting framework for internal
organs and tissues.
2. Anchorage sites for muscle action.
3. Protects the internal organs.
4. Provides leverage for body
movement.
5. Blood cells are produced in the bone
marrow.
The bones also store minerals.
Cartilage: tough, fibrous, elastic
connective tissue
Cartilage Functions
a. Pliable support
b. Flexibility of joints
c. Cushioning of joints
** Cartilage makes up most of the
embryo's skeleton. **
Most of this cartilage changes to bone
by adulthood.
Ligaments: connect bones to bones
(joints) tough and elastic
Tendons: tough inelastic fibrous
cords which attach muscles to bones
Malfunctions of the Locomotion System
arthritis: joint inflammation
tendonitis: tendon inflammation at
bone junctures (a common condition
in athletes)
Muscles
Only body tissue able to contract
create movement by flexing and
extending joints
Body energy converters (many
muscle cells contain many
mitochondria)
3 Types of Muscles
Smooth Muscle
(involuntary) "viscera"
Smooth in appearance, involuntary in
action
Slowly contracting -- but contractions
are long in duration
lines blood vessels, alimentary canal,
and body openings
Cardiac Muscle
(involuntary striated)
resembles skeletal muscle with lined
appearance, but is involuntary
composes the hardest working
muscle, the heart
Skeletal muscle
(voluntary, striated)
Voluntary in action
contain many striped long fibers called
striations
found in association with skeletal bones
The nervous system interacts with skeletal
muscles to produce motion
** Violent muscle contractions require much
oxygen. **
If oxygen is not available muscle fatigue will
set in.
"Muscle fatigue"-- results from oxygen debt -lactic acid accumulates in skeletal muscles
rest restores the oxygen balance
“Lactic acidosis” – it is more or less a muscle
cramp for the entire body or a certain muscle.
Organisms have a great variety of
locomotion structures.
Name some of them: