Transcript Human Locomotion

Mrs. Degl
1
Locomotion or movement involves the
interaction of bones, cartilage, muscles,
tendons, and ligaments.
Bones:
•Bones are made of bone tissue and are hard and rigid.
•They provide support and protection for the soft parts of the
body.
•They are the sites for muscle attachment.
•At joints, bones act as levers, letting the body move when
muscles contract.
•Long bones have marrow that create new red and white
blood cells.
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Cartilage:
•Cartilage is a type of flexible, fibrous, elastic connective
tissue.
•Babies are born with more cartridge than bones. This
cartridge gradually hardens into bone.
•An adult nose, trachea, and ears are still mostly cartridge.
•Cartridge also provides cushions at joints.
Joints:
•Joints are locations where bones attach to each other.
•Hinge joints move back and forth and allow the elbow and
knee to bend.
•Ball-and-socket joints are capable of circular movement
and allow the shoulder and hip to move.
•The neck has a pivot joint that can move in a half circle.
•The skull is made of immovable joints.
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Muscles
• Muscles can contract
• Muscle is also a tissue
• All movement in the body involves muscles
• There are 3 types of human muscle tissue:
1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle
Mrs. Degl
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Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle is
voluntary muscle
that attaches to the
bones of the
skeleton.
•They are also called striated muscles.
•Skeletal muscles appear striated (striped).
•Skeletal muscles movements are controlled by the nervous
system, which makes controlled movements possible.
•Triceps and biceps usually make opposite movements
(when one contracts the other relaxes).
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Smooth Muscle
•Smooth muscle is not striated.
•Smooth muscle is also called
visceral muscle.
•Smooth muscle is found in the
walls of the digestive organs and
arteries as well as other internal
organs.
•Smooth muscles are not under
voluntary control. They are
involuntary.
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Cardiac Muscle
•The cardiac tissue found only in the heart.
•This muscle is not under voluntary control.
•It is very different than skeletal muscle.
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Tendons and Ligaments
•Tendons attach muscles to bone.
•Ligaments attach bones to other bones.
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Disorders of the Locomotive System
•Arthritis is an inflammation of joints, which can be very
painful and make movement difficult.
•Tendonitis is an inflammation of a tendon, usually where
it is attached to the bone. This occurs often in athletes
and people who use the same tendons over and over
again.
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