Transcript Muscular System lesson 2

Muscular System
Lesson Objectives
In today’s lesson you will:
• Know and understand the different
movements of the body
• Know and understand the different types
of contractions of the muscles
Starter
In pairs, mark your homework
Those that haven’t completed homework,
answer these questions:
• Name all 11 muscles (11marks)
• Name the muscles that work
antagonistically (4 marks)
• Name the three types of muscle and give
an example for each (6 marks)
Movements of the Body
The body moves in different ways.
There are 5 ways in which we can
move our body at our joints:
• Flexion
• Extension
• Adduction
• Abduction
• Rotation
These are called joint actions
Flexion
Bending or flexing a
limb at a joint.
Example: Bending the
arm at the elbow.
Give at least 2 sporting
examples of this
movement
Extension
Straightening or
extending a limb at a
joint
Example: straightening
the arm at the elbow.
Give at least 2 sporting
examples of this
movement
Adduction
Moving a limb towards
the centre of the body
Example: arms moving
to the side of the body
Give at least 2 sporting
examples of this
movement
Abduction
Moving a limb away
from the centre line of
the body
Example: the arms
moving away from the
body at the shoulder
Give at least 2 sporting
examples of this
movement
Examples of Adduction and
Abduction
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmBM
QcT1_KU
Rotation
The circular or
turning movement
of a limb or body
part
Example: foot
turning in or out
Medial = turn
inwards
Lateral= turn
outwards
Movement Questions
1.In swimming front crawl, what movements
occur at the hips? (2 marks)
2.In breast stroke what movements occur at
the hips? (2 marks)
3.Stretch your arm straight out palm up.
Turn your palm over. What movement
occurred? (1 mark)
4.Show examples of: abduction, adduction,
rotation, flexion and extension. (5 marks)
Muscle Contractions
• Muscles contract when they work
• When they contract, they pull on the bone
to make the body move
• When movement occurs, it is called
Isotonic Contractions
• All your body movements depend on
isotonic muscle contractions
• They can also be called dynamic
contractions
Muscle Contractions
• There are 2 types:
• Eccentric – when the muscle lengthens
when it contracts
• For example – lifting a weight
• Concentric- when the muscle shortens
when it contracts
• For example - controlling the weight
Muscle Contractions
• The muscles that contract but don’t move are
called Isometric Contractions.
• They are working but the stay the same length
• For example, when you push against a closed
door, your arm muscles contract but stay the
same length
• Isometric contractions produce Static Strength
• Examples: handstand, tug of war (no movement)
Question Time
1. When one muscle contracts and another relaxes to
allow movement to take place, the muscles are
said to be working …………………. (1 marks)
2. When a rounder’s player is holding a bat ready to
hit the ball the elbow is flexed, what muscle is
contracting? What muscles is relaxing? (2 marks)
3. Which muscles contract to allow flexion and
extension at the knee joint? (2 marks)
4. What type of muscle contraction is occurring when
a weight lifter is holding a weight stationary? (1 mark)
Plenary
Everyone must have two slips. You have 5
minutes to match up the statements
together by moving around the room.
Everyone should end up with a statement.
Read out your statement.
Homework
Complete the exam questions on the
worksheet.
Due in next theory lesson :
Monday 5th March