Transcript Unit 2: Physiology of fitnesslong term effects of exercise

Unit 2: Physiology of fitness
long term effects of exercise
Respiratory and Energy systems
Kevin Browne
Learning Outcomes
• The rate by which oxygen
diffuses from the blood in
the capillaries to the tissues
and carbon dioxide diffuses
from the tissues to the
blood in the capillaries
increases allowing for
greater gaseous exchange.
• This increases resulting in
an a more efficient and
greater supply of oxygen to
the muscles.
Oxygen
diffusion rate
Vital capacity
Long-term
effects of exercise
on respiratory
system
Respiratory
muscles
• The strength of the
diaphragm and respiratory
muscles increases, allowing
the chest to expand more
and an increase in lung
volumes.
Minute
ventilation
• As the respiratory system
becomes more efficient
greater volumes of air can
be inhaled and exhaled
each minute.
Energy systems
• Increased aerobic and anaerobic enzymes
• Regular exercise stimulates a number of changes
within the muscle cells. These changes improve
the ability of our muscles to generate ATP.
• The increased number and size of mitochondria
within the muscle cells increases the level of
aerobic system enzymes, improving our ability to
exercise aerobically for prolonged periods of
time.
Energy systems
• The anaerobic enzymes that control the
anaerobic phase of glucose breakdown also
increase, improving our anaerobic capacity.
Increased use of fats as an energy
source
• During low intensity exercise the primary
energy source is fat. An increased availability
of oxygen to the muscle tissues through
adaptations to the muscular, cardiovascular
and respiratory systems allows for an
increased use of fats as an energy source (fat
metabolism).
What were they?