Transcript Exercise Physiology

Exercise Physiology
Year 11 Physical Education
AS 1.2
Credits: 5
Miss Sandri
CALENDAR AUGUST 2013
MONDAY
HOSE 16 x Lessons
TUESDAY
No Lesson
WEDNESDAY
Hose- Theory
12
13
19
20
Biomechanics
Summary/ Short term
responses of exercise
No Lesson
26
15
21
28
16
PracticalVolleyball
Projectile
Motion/ Leavers
Practical Lesson
(speedball)
27
Force Summation
*Practical*
Force Summation
14
Practical- Cross
Country OR Frisbee
Golf
FRIDAY
BIOMECANICS
Hose- Practical
Newton’s Laws
Theory
No Lesson
THURSDAY
22
Long Term
Responses of
Exercise
23
29
Anaerobic
Energy
Systems
Revision- Exercise
Physiology
Practical
Lesson
30
CALENDAR SEPTEMBER 2013
SummaryEnergy systems
No Lesson
2
Practical
Lesson3
RevisionAnatomy
No Lesson
9
16
4
5
6
11
12
13
18
19
RevisionBiomechanics
10
17
EXAM
1.20pm
Study Leave
CALENDAR AUGUST 2013
MONDAY
BRADLEY 14 x Lessons
TUESDAY
Bradley- Anatomy
WEDNESDAY
Bradley- Anatomy
12
Stability/ Force
Summation
13
Force SummationFrisbee Golf
19
Biomechanics
Revision & Short
term responses
20
Practical Lesson
(netball)
26
BradleyCross Country
Newton's Laws
of Motion
THURSDAY
No Lesson
14
15
21
22
16
23
Cross CountryNo class 
No Lesson
28
Force
Summation/
Practical
Practical SessionVolleyball
No Lesson
Long term responses
of exercise
27
FRIDAY
29
30
CALENDAR SEPTEMBER 2013
Anaerobic &
aerobic energy
systems
Summary- Energy
Systems
Practical Lesson
2
Revision Exercise
Physiology
3
RevisionAnatomy
9
16
4
5
6
11
12
13
18
19
RevisionBiomechanics
10
17
EXAM
1.20pm
Practical Lesson
No Lesson
Study Leave
Biomechanics Revision: 5 Quick Questions:
1. Name the BOS, COG and LOG.
2. Key points- to maximise stability you should…
▫
▫
▫
▫
Lower the _____
Increase the size of the ____
Keep the ____ within the ____
The _____ passes within the ____
3. Define force summation.
4. What are the three principles of force summation?
5. Name Newton’s 3 laws of motion.
5 Quick Questions:
1. Name the BOS, COG and LOG.
Base of support (BOS); Centre of Gravity (COG); Line of Gravity (LOG).
2. Key points- to maximise stability you should…
▫
▫
▫
▫
(COG)
Lower the _____
(BOS)
Increase the size of the ____
(BOS)
(LOG) within the ____
Keep the ____
(LOG) passes within the (COG)
The _____
____
3. Define force summation.
The sum of all forces generated by each body part.
4. What are the three principles of force summation?
Timing, using the greatest number of body parts and sequence.
5. Name Newton’s 3 laws of motion.
Law 1: Inertia
Law 2: Acceleration
Law 3: Action/ Reaction
Exercise Physiology
1. Short Term Physiological Responses to Exercise
2. Long Term Physiological Responses to Exercise
3. Anaerobic Energy Systems
4. Aerobic Energy Systems
Body Systems
• Muscular system
• Cardiovascular/ Circulatory system
• Respiratory system
Short Term (Acute) Physiological
Responses to Exercise
Effects that take place
while we are exercising…
Short Term Physiological Responses to Exercise
Immediate or acute effects of exercise on the body.
TASK:
Measure your ‘resting’ heart rate (15 seconds then x4)
1 minute of strenuous exercise (star jumps, squat jumps,
press ups, lunge jumps).
Measure heart rate (15 seconds then x4)
Listen to my instructions for timing
Thinking about the 1 minute of exercise you just did- What effects did
you feel taking place within your body?
BRAINSTORM
Short Term Physiological Responses to Exercise
Immediate or acute effects of exercise on the body.
Simplified answers:
▫ Increased temperature
▫ Increased heart rate
▫ Increased respiration
ACHIEVED !!
Muscular System- Increased Temperature
• Muscles receive more
blood and oxygen
▫ Working harder
• Muscles increase
in temperature
▫ Bi-product of energy production
▫ Blood moves to surface of the skin (heat regulation)
▫ Sweating (heat regulation)
Cardiovascular- Cardiac Output Increases
“The heart beats faster and stronger”
• The heart rate increases to ensure that
more oxygen is delivered to the working
muscles.
• This also allows Co2 to be
removed from the body.
• Stroke volume also
increases so the amount of
blood processed each beat
increases.
• (Cardiac output (Q) = SV x HR)
Respiratory System- Increased Ventilation
“Breathing quickens and deepens”
• Increase in the number
of breaths per minute
(respiratory rate)
• Increase in the amount of
air taken in each breath.
(tidal volume)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy
hYHlA7bZw
Short Term Effects of Exercise- Summary
• Muscular System
▫ Increased temperature
 Sweating
• Cardiovascular System
▫ Increased cardiac output
 Heart rate & stroke volume
 Deliver O2 and remove Co2 from muscles
• Respiratory System
▫ Increased ventilation
 Respiratory rate and tidal volume
Word List
respiratory
oxygen
muscles
heart
heart
transported
increasing
cardiovascular
working
breathing
oxygen
exercise
lungs
energy
draws
The ___________ and lungs are responsible for moving ___________ around the body.
The _________________________ system inhales oxygen into the _______________
where it is ____________ into the blood.
The ____________ system pumps _____________filled blood around the body where it
provides the ________________ with the ______________ it needs to perform work.
The cardio respiratory system _______________ more oxygen into the body as a
response to ______________.
It does this by _____________ both its _________________ and _______________
rate to deliver an increased quality of oxygen to _________________ muscles.
Word List
respiratory
oxygen
muscles
heart
heart
transported
increasing
cardiovascular
working
breathing
oxygen
exercise
lungs
energy
draws
The ___heart___ and lungs are responsible for moving __oxygen___ around the body.
The ______respiratory____ system inhales oxygen into the _____lungs____ where it
is______transported______ into the blood.
The __cardiovascular_ system pumps ___oxygen__filled blood around the body where
it provides the ____muscles_____ with the ___energy___ it needs to perform work.
The cardio respiratory system ____draws ___ more oxygen into the body as a response
to ___exercise___.
It does this by ____increasing____ both its _____heart_____ and ___breathing___ rate
to deliver an increased quality of oxygen to ______working_____ muscles.
Speedball
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi3NqQ34oQI
Long Term (Chronic) Physiological
Responses to Exercise
Effects that take place following
exercise weeks, months, years later…
Body Systems
• Muscular system
• Cardiovascular/ Circulatory system
• Respiratory system
Think about the effects of training on the body. Try to link your
answer to the three energy systems.
BRAINSTORM
Long Term Physiological Responses to Exercise
Effect of training on the body.
Simplified answers:
▫ Muscles increase in size and strength.
▫ Size of the heart increases.
▫ The heart pumps more blood per beat (stroke volume).
▫ The cardiovascular system becomes more efficient.
▫ The recovery rate becomes quicker.
▫ Resting heart rate becomes lower.
ACHIEVED !!
Muscular System
• Muscles increase in size and
strength
 Hypertrophy
 Receiving more O2
 Working harder
• Muscles become more flexible
 Subject to training
• Muscles receive more O2
 From increases in the cardio
respiratory system
Cardiovascular System
• Increased heart size
 Because the heart is a muscle too! The heart is
pumping much more blood around the body to
produce O2 and remove CO2.
Exercising heart rate becomes lower
• Because the heart is larger (more blood pumped through per beat)
Increased stroke volume
• Because the heart is larger (more blood pumped through per beat)
Decreased resting heart rate
 Heart is bigger, therefore it doesn’t need to pump as often
Respiratory System
• The lungs can breathe in and
out a greater volume of air,
and with it oxygen.
▫ Increased efficiency for
exchange in the lungs and
muscles.
▫ This means more O2 being
delivered to muscles and more
Co2 being removed from the
muscles.
The Interconnection between the 3 Energy Systems
• Muscular system
• Cardiovascular/ Circulatory system
• Respiratory system
None of these effects are possible unless all three energy
systems work together to increase O2 and remove Co2.
Body system
Muscular
Short term response to
exercise
Long term response to
exercise
• Muscles receive more
blood and oxygen
• Muscles increase in
temperature
• Muscles become more
flexible
• Muscles get larger and stronger
• Muscles become more flexible
• Muscles get more blood
• Vessels can receive more
oxygen
• The blood is able to carry
more oxygen
• Heart beat increases
• More blood pumped
around body
• The blood is able to carry more
oxygen
• The heart gets larger
• Resting heart rate gets lower
• Heart rate returns to normal
faster
• Exercise heart rate gets lower
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
• Breathing rate increases
• The lungs can breathe in and out
• Amount of air taken in each
a greater volume of air, and with
breath increases
it oxygen
Sticky Notes
1. One thing you do not understand fully from the
last two lessons (short term & long term effects of
exercise).
2. The aspect/ aspects that are the most difficult to
understand from the whole content anatomy
(bones/muscles/movements), biomechanics
(stability/force summation/Netwon’s laws),
physiology- be specific- what parts in particular?)
3. One sport that you would like to play for practical
lessons.
Don’t forget- lunch time tutorial
Energy Systems
Anaerobic & Aerobic
Energy Systems
• Three pathways provide energy for physical activity.
▫ Two are anaerobic (without oxygen) and the other is
aerobic (with oxygen).
Energy Systems
• The type of energy pathway used is dependent on
the type of activity performed.
1.Activity that is longer in duration and of low intensity
is fuelled by the aerobic energy system
2.Activity that is shorter in duration and of higher
intensity is fuelled by the anaerobic energy systems
Energy Systems
0-10 seconds: ATP-PC system
10 seconds- 2 minutes- Lactic acid system
2 minutes + Oxygen system
Anaerobic
- Aerobic
The Energy Systems Overlap
ATP-PC
Aerobic
Anaerobic
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G8cVpXpsL8
Anaerobic Energy Systems- Sports
• Sports and activities that use this energy system
include team sports such as;
▫ Rugby
▫ Netball
▫ Soccer
• where high intensity activity is performed for short
periods of time.
Anaerobic Exercise
• Anaerobic exercise is defined as exercise performed at an
intensity where a persons cardiovascular system cannot
supply enough oxygen to keep up with demand and
therefore energy is produced without the presence of O2.
Lactic Acid
• Lactic acid is a bi-product
of this energy production
resulting in muscle
soreness and will lead to
a decrease in work
intensity or a build up of
lactate to the point where
exercise can no longer
continue.
Anaerobic Energy System- Key Points
• An – aerobic.
• Anti- oxygen
• Exercise performed
without oxygen.
• Usually lasts for
around 0-2 minutes.
• First 10 seconds include the ATP- CP system.
Aerobic Exercise
• Aerobic exercise is
defined as exercise
performed at intensity
when a persons
cardiovascular system can
supply enough oxygen to
keep up with demand.
• Examples include running,
swimming and biking long
distances.
Activity 1: Identify which energy system is
used the most in each sport.
EVENT
100m Sprint
Marathon
Triple Jump
400m
Long Jump
800m
Javelin
High Jump
Shot Put
3000m
AEROBIC
ANAEROBIC LACTIC
ATP-PC
Activity 1: Identify which energy system is
used the most in each sport.
EVENT
AEROBIC
ANAEROBIC LACTIC
100m Sprint
Marathon
ATP-PC
X
X
Triple Jump
X
400m
X
Long Jump
X
800m
X
Javelin
X
High Jump
X
Shot Put
X
3000m
X
5 Quick Questions:
1. True or false- The aerobic energy system does not use oxygen.
2. True or false- The anaerobic energy system comes into effect
at 2 minutes +
3. Describe the anaerobic energy system.
4. What energy system would be most predominant in these
sports?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Football/soccer
400m run
Shot put
3000m run
Marathon
5. Draw the energy systems graph
5 Quick Questions:
1. True or false- The aerobic energy system does not use oxygen.
FALSE (the anaerobic energy system doesn’t use oxygen)
2. True or false- The anaerobic energy system comes into effect
at 2 minutes +
FALSE (the aerobic energy system comes into effect at 2 minutes +
3. Describe the anaerobic energy system.
Short duration, high intensity, ATP-PC (0-20seconds), lactic acid (20seconds-2minutes)
4. What energy system would be most predominant in these
sports (anaerobic or aerobic)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Football/soccer
400m run
Shot put
3000m run
Marathon
Anaerobic
Anaerobic
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Aerobic
5. Draw the energy systems graph
Hurdles vs. Marathon
• See if you can complete this worksheet without
looking at your notes.
Simon Says:
Paragraph Format- Energy Systems
Explain in detail anaerobic and
aerobic energy systems.
Finished? Come and get a puzzle worksheet.
CALENDAR AUGUST 2013
MONDAY
HOSE 16 x Lessons
TUESDAY
No Lesson
WEDNESDAY
Hose- Theory
12
13
19
20
Biomechanics
Summary/ Short term
responses of exercise
No Lesson
26
15
21
28
16
PracticalVolleyball
Projectile
Motion/ Leavers
Practical Lesson
(speedball)
27
Force Summation
*Practical*
Force Summation
14
Practical- Cross
Country OR Frisbee
Golf
FRIDAY
BIOMECANICS
Hose- Practical
Newton’s Laws
Theory
No Lesson
THURSDAY
22
Long Term
Responses of
Exercise
23
29
Anaerobic
Energy
Systems
Revision- Exercise
Physiology
Practical
Lesson
30
CALENDAR SEPTEMBER 2013
SummaryEnergy systems
No Lesson
2
Practical
Lesson3
RevisionAnatomy
No Lesson
9
16
4
5
6
11
12
13
18
19
RevisionBiomechanics
10
17
EXAM
1.20pm
Study Leave
CALENDAR AUGUST 2013
MONDAY
BRADLEY 14 x Lessons
TUESDAY
Bradley- Anatomy
WEDNESDAY
Bradley- Anatomy
12
Stability/ Force
Summation
13
Force SummationFrisbee Golf
19
Biomechanics
Revision & Short
term responses
20
Practical Lesson
(netball)
26
BradleyCross Country
Newton's Laws
of Motion
THURSDAY
No Lesson
14
15
21
22
16
23
Cross CountryNo class 
No Lesson
28
Force
Summation/
Practical
Practical SessionVolleyball
No Lesson
Long term responses
of exercise
27
FRIDAY
29
30
CALENDAR SEPTEMBER 2013
Anaerobic &
aerobic energy
systems
Summary- Energy
Systems
Practical Lesson
2
Revision Exercise
Physiology
3
RevisionAnatomy
9
16
4
5
6
11
12
13
18
19
RevisionBiomechanics
10
17
EXAM
1.20pm
Practical Lesson
No Lesson
Study Leave
Summary of Physiology
5 Quick Questions:
1. List 3 short term effects of exercise on the body.
2. List 3 long term effects of training/exercise on the body.
3. What are the two energy systems?
4. Give 5 key points for each system.
5. Draw the energy systems graph.