Transcript Assessment of public health needs

By
Dr Sabah Mohamed Abdelkader
Assist Prof of Public Health
Child public health (CPH)
Defined as: “organized efforts of
society to develop public health
policies to promote children’s and
young people’s health, to prevent
disease, to foster equity within a
framework
of
sustainable
development”.
Importance of pre-school stage
 Invisible population.
 Lacking freedom of making choice.
 Influenced by others, parents,
grandparents, media.
Barriers
 Partnership with parents is complex
depending on factors like:
 1. Time.
 Resource availability.
 Commitment.
 Mutual respect.
 Trust between all parties.
Aims of child public health
 Child health promotion.
 Disease prevention and child
protection.
 Improving health and wellbeing of
future population.
 Working with parents, agencies, and
groups to develop early intervention
strategies.
Factors affecting child health
 Health inequality.
 Socio-economic factors, many live in
deprived areas.
 Specific risk factors. ????
 Parents.
 Age.
 Sex.
 Genetics.
How to improve child health?
 Individual health promotion, as early promotion
improve health in adulthood, and being a costeffective approach for future generation.
 Targeting parents as children are under their
influence.
 Intensive home visiting for children and families by
health visitors and midwives for early intervention.
Outcomes of CPH
 1. Be
healthy.
 2. Stay safe.
 3. Enjoy and achieve.
 4. Make a positive contribution.
 5. Achieve economic wellbeing.
Understanding health inequalities is
crucial for policy development and
directing services according to HNA.
Introduction
 Healthy school setting is defined as: “a place where
young people engage in daily education activities
in which environmental, organizational and
personal factors interact to affect health and
wellbeing”. (WHO)
Importance of school
 Young
children who adopt unhealthy behaviours
continue these habits into adulthood.
 Educational attainment plays a role in determining
future health status, healthy children perform better
academically.
Objectives of school health
 Health promotion of school children.
 Prevention and control of health hazards.
 Rehabilitation of the handicapped.
 Provision of health appraisal.
A- Health promotion
 Adequate nutrition.
 Sanitary school environment.
 Fulfilling needs of mental development.
 Physical exercise and activities.
 Prevention of mental fatigue.
 Social activities and recreation.
Role of school
 School feeding program.
 Nutritional education of children and families.
 Dietary supplementation according to local deficiency
problems.
 Prevention and control of parasitic diseases.
 Health appraisal for early detection of malnutrition.
School environment
 Value of sanitary environment:
 Basic preventive measure of communicable diseases.
 Contributes to health promotion of children.
 Provide feeling of comfort, better achievement.
 Gives good example of clean environment.
Components of school environment
1. School building:
Must be away from sources of noise, pollution, with
suitable area for playground.
2. Classrooms:
* Suitable shape, area, and number of pupils.
* Adequate ventilation, windows on both side walls
(20% of floor’s area)
* Adequate lighting.
* Properly designed desks and seats.
3. Water supply:
Safe source and suitable number of sanitary drinking
fountains.
4. Waste disposal:
• Collection and disposal of refuse.
• Suitable number of clean promises (W.C)
5. Insect control:
6. Food sanitation:
• Sanitary kitchen, canteen and stores.
• Food handlers sanitary requirements.
• Food stuff fulfill specified requirements
B. Prevention of health hazards
Infectious diseases.
2. Parasitic diseases.
3. Nutritional deficiencies.
4. Accidents and injuries.
1.
1. Infectious diseases
Predisposing factors:
• Insanitary school environment.
• Faulty habits of children and personnel.
• Lowered body resistance to infection.
• Presence of reservoirs of infections.
Overall effect of infectious diseases:
• May cause disease outbreak.
• Wasting time, long treatment and bed rest.
Prevention:
Assignment for those who didn’t submit gp assign
2. Parasitic diseases
Predisposing factors:
• Insanitary school environment.
• Bad habits.
• Ineffective health service, case finding and treatment.
Hazards of parasitic diseases:
• Diminished physical and mental development.
• Impaired health, activity and vitality.
• Contribute to malnutrition.
• Resulting in morbidity and complications.
3. Nutritional deficiencies
 Predisposing factors:
• Inadequate home and school feeding.
• Nutrition ignorance of child and family, faulty food
habits (breakfast, snacks, sweets, drinks).
• Parasitic diseases.
Manifestations:
• General picture: impaired appetite, easy fatigue, lack of
alertness, weak muscles.
• Specific picture: according to type (assign)
4. Accidents and injuries
 Can be wounds, bleeding, broken teeth, eye injuries,
fractures…. Etc.
Control:
First aid and emergency services including transport and
referral if necessary.
Prevention:
Education of pupils for safety rules.
Supervising them during play.
Removing any source of injury in school.
C- Rehabilitation of handicapped
 Some forms of handicaps in schools:
• Heart disease: congenital or rheumatic.
• Musculoskeletal deformities: polio.
• Impaired vision: errors of refraction.
• Impaired hearing: acquired from neglected chronic O.M
or injury by foreign body.
Medical care in schools
 Includes:
• Health appraisal.
• First aid service.
1. Health appraisal
 Comprehensive medical examination.
 Screening tests.
 Clinical services.
 Survey study.
2. First aid service
 First aid facilities and trained personnel must be
available for rapid management of emergency or
transferring to medical center if necessary.
Thank you