Transcript Section 2 Questions

The World of Cities
Chapter 9 Section 2
#1a Louis Pasteur
• French chemist showed the link between
microbes and disease created vaccines
against rabies and anthrax and created the
process of pasteurization, or killing disease
carrying microbes in milk
#1b Robert Koch
• found bacteria that
caused tuberculosis, but
a cure would not be
created for 50 years
#1c Florence Nightingale
• British nurse during Crimean war, worked for more sanitary
hospitals, and then when the war was over return to England
and campaigned for the same sanitary conditions in London
hospitals. 1820-1910
#1d Joseph Lister
• English surgeon discovered how antiseptics
prevented infection. He insisted on washing
hands and sterilizing instruments. Thus
reducing death from infection
#2a Germ Theory
• Speculation that was found to be fact that
certain microbes might cause specific
infectious diseases
Rudolf Virchow
#2b Urban Renewal
• Rebuilding of the poor areas of a city
#2c Mutual –Aid Society
• Self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers,
usually organized by workers who had no medical
care, insurance, or sick time
#2d Standard of Living
• The measure of the quality and availability of
necessities and comforts in a society.
#3 Why did the rate of population
growth increase in the late 1800s?
• People were eating better and practicing
better hygiene. Medical discoveries were
eliminating some diseases.
#4 Describe three ways that city life
changed in the 1800s?
• Paved streets, wide boulevards, trolley lines
made transportation easier. Gas and
electric street lights increased safety at
night. New sewer systems reduced the
impact disease.
#5 What laws helped workers in the
late 1800s?
• New laws allowed workers to unionize,
expanded the right to vote, regulated
working conditions, limited child labor, and
set up old age pensions and disability
insurance.