Transcript US History EOC Review Industrial Revolution, Immigration, Gilded

US History EOC Review
Industrial Revolution, Immigration,
Gilded Age & Progressivism
Analyze the transformation of the American economy and the
changing social and political conditions in response to the
Industrial Revolution.
Between 1880 and 1900, most immigrants coming to the
United States settled in the cities along the east coast
because
A. many factory jobs were available in the East
B. little farmland remained to be settled in the Midwest
C. most immigrants came from the cities of Europe
D. city laws afforded special rights and protections for
immigrants
Why did the United States follow a policy of open
immigration during much of the 1800s?
A. many United States citizens wanted to live abroad
B. the United States had a shortage of labor
C. prosperous conditions in Europe resulted in fewer
immigrants coming to the United States
D. immigrants provided United States industry with
investment capital
In the late 1800s, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism
claimed that government regulation of business would be
A.
B.
C.
D.
essential to protect the rights of consumers
necessary to provide jobs for the unemployed
useful in competing with foreign nations
harmful to economic growth
In the late 19th century, critics of big business claimed that
monopolies most harmed the economy by
A.
B.
C.
D.
limiting competition
decreasing the urban growth rate
preventing technological innovation
failing to keep pace with European industries
Which factor contributed the most to urbanization in the
late 1800s?
A.
B.
C.
D.
assimilation
industrialization
imperialism
nullification
In the late 19th century, Congress tried to limit the power
of monopolies by
A.
B.
C.
D.
creating the Federal Trade Commission
strengthening the Supreme Court
adopting the Granger laws
passing the Sherman Antitrust Act
Business leaders John D. Rockefeller, JP Morgan, and
Cornelius Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons
primarily because they
A. bought titles of nobility from foreign governments
B. were ruthless in dealing with competitors
C. stole money from state and local governments
D. gained all of their wealth by illegal means
A goal of the Progressive movement was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce the government’s involvement in social issues
correct the problems caused by industrialization
promote laissez-faire policies
promote settlement of land west of the Mississippi River
During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor
unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers?
A. Communists had taken control of the major unions
B. the government supported business efforts to limit the
powers of unions
C. most unions had been organized by big business
D. most workers were satisfied with working conditions
The Gentlemen’s Agreement, literacy tests, and the quota
system were all attempts by Congress to restrict
A.
B.
C.
D.
immigration
property ownership
voting rights
access to public education
During the late 1800s, which group strongly supported an
open immigration policy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
conservationists
nativists
factory owners
Southern farmers
During the Progressive Era, muckrakers published articles
and novels primarily to
A.
B.
C.
D.
advance their own political careers
make Americans aware of problems in society
help the federal government become more efficient
provide entertainment for readers
In the late 1800s, the Homestead steel strike and the
Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessful because
A.
B.
C.
D.
the government supported business owners
most workers refused to take part in the strike
the Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegal
factory owners hired children to replace the strikers
Progressive Era authors such as Jacob Riis and Upton
Sinclair are best known for
A.
B.
C.
D.
focusing attention on social condition
fighting for the civil rights of African Americans
promoting the interests of the American farmer
supporting the goal of woman’s suffrage
In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social Darwinism were
used primarily to
A. encourage the passage of compulsory education laws
B. explain the differences in income between the rich and
the poor
C. urge Congress to end immigration
D. support the growth of new political parties
A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900-1917)
was to
A. stimulate the economy
B. support government control of factory production
C. encourage immigration from southern and eastern
Europe
D. correct the economic and social abuses of industrial
society
The Sherman Antitrust Act
A. outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with
free trade
B. was supported by millionaire industrialists
C. was used by labor unions to fight for workers’ rights
D. encouraged the establishment of large-scale business
The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
decrease Chinese immigrants
create segregated classrooms
settle a disagreement between China and the US
stop Chinese Americans from attending school in the
US
The Sherman antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act
were passed in an effort to
A.
B.
C.
D.
promote the formation of new trusts
maintain competition in business
increase business investment
limit the activities of foreign corporations
What is the main idea of this cartoon from the 1800s?
A.
B.
C.
D.
labor is gaining power over big business
most Americans support the labor movement
business has advantages over labor
government should support the expansion of the railroads
The American Federation of Labor responded to the situation shown
in the cartoon by
A.
B.
C.
D.
organizing skilled workers into unions
encouraging open immigration
forming worker-owned businesses
creating a single union of workers and farmers
Which two speakers would
most likely label late 19th
century industrialists as
robber barons?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A and B
A and D
B and C
C and D
The most valid conclusion
that can be drawn from the
different viewpoints of
these speakers is that
industrialists of the late
19th century
A. benefited and harmed
society
B. treated their workers
fairly
C. used illegal means to
gain wealth
D. generally opposed the
free enterprise
economic system
During the Progressive Era, Jane Addams responded to
urban conditions by working to establish
A. settlement houses that provided assistance to the poor
B. newspapers that helped to inform Americans about slum
conditions
C. laws that restricted certain immigrant groups
D. free public schools located in inner-city neighborhoods
What made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the
1800s?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cheap electric power
fires safety standards
the invention of the elevator
new methods of making steel
The tragedy of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911
drew national attention to the need to
A.
B.
C.
D.
restrict immigration from southern Europe
establish full-time fire departments
protect the safety of workers
improve conditions for tenement dwellers
During the Progressive Era, many state and local
governments adopted initiative, referendum, and recall
procedures that
A. eliminated the need for the electoral college
B. created political action committees (PACs)
C. gave voters a more direct voice in government
D. Strengthened the role of the president’s cabinet
In the late 1800s, the creation of the Standard Oil Trust by
John D. Rockefeller was intended to
A.
B.
C.
D.
protect small, independent oil firms
control prices and practices in the oil refining business
increase competition among oil refining companies
distribute donations to charitable causes
What did industrial consolidation & trusts reduce during
the late 1800s?
A.
B.
C.
D.
corruption
monopolies
competition
interstate commerce
The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890
and 1915 came primarily from
A.
B.
C.
D.
Southern and Eastern Europe
Northern and Western Europe
East Asia
Latin America
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the term robber
baron best defined a person who
A.
B.
C.
D.
controlled large tracts of western lands
used ruthless business tactics
stole from the rich to give to the poor
encouraged the conservation of raw materials
Which reform idea was a common goal of the Populists and
the Progressives?
A.
B.
C.
D.
restoration of the nation’s cities
expansion of opportunities for immigrants
improvement in the status of African Americans
greater control of government by the people
According to this passage, the responsibility of the wealthy is to
A. invest in future industry to increase wealth
B. share their excess wealth with the community
C. maintain a lifestyle consistent with their wealth
D. influence government to assist all people
Andrew Carnegie carried out the ideas expressed in this statement by
A. funding numerous libraries and educational institutions
B. serving many years in the federal government
C. investing his fortune in several new industries
D. promoting programs to benefit the wealthy
Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the
“Gilded Age” to describe the
A.
B.
C.
D.
end of the practice of slavery
absence of international conflicts
extremes of wealth and poverty
achievements of the labor movement
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, where did most of
the immigrants to the United States settle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
urban centers of the Northeast
plantations of the New South
mining areas of the Far West
farming regions of the Great Plains
Which concept is described by this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
communism
Populism
utopian socialism
Social Darwinism
What is the main idea of the cartoon?
A. Government policies have created a recession
B. Americans support the activities of trusts
C. Good government has saved the country from trusts
D. Trusts are a threat to the nation
Which group would most likely have favored government action to
address the issue shown in the cartoon?
A. bankers
B. unions
C. industrialists
D. railroad owners
Which economic concept is best
illustrated by the cartoon?
A. supply and demand
B. mercantilism
C. monopoly
D. trade