Transcript STD*s - ccbbiology

Natalia Larrañaga
Sara María Becerra
What are they?
• Sexually transmitted diseases (also known as STD´s) are
infectious diseases that spread from person to person
through intimate contact. Sexually transmitted diseases can
affect guys and girls of all ages, social class, background
who are having sex.
• STDs are a serious health problem. If they are left
untreated, some STDs can cause permanent damage, such
as infertility and even lead to worst consequences such as
death (in the case of HIV/AIDS).
How can they
spread?
• There are myths around how STDs
spread; this disease doesn’t only
spread through having sexual
intercourse, also it can be passed
through skin to skin contact with an
infected area (Herpes or genital
warts)
• Another myth about STDs is that you
won’t be able get them if you have
oral or anal sex. That's wrong
because the bacteria that cause STDs
can enter the body through tiny cuts
in the mouth, anus, as well as the
genitals.
• STDs are easily spread because you can't tell whether someone
has an infection or not. Many people with STDs don't even know
they have them. People who aren’t aware they have the disease
are in danger of passing an infection on to their sex partners
without even realizing it.
• Some of the things that increase a person's chances of getting an
STD are:
- Sexual activity at a young age: Greater chances of
becoming infected
- Lots of sex partners: More risk than the ones who stay with
the same partner
- Unprotected sex: Latex condoms reduce the risk of getting
STD’s
Preventing and Treating STD’s
• As with many other diseases, prevention is the key. It's much
easier to prevent STDs than to treat them. The only way to
completely prevent STDs is to abstain from all types of sexual
contact. If there’s going to be an intimate contact, using a
condom every time reduces the risk.
• People who are considering having sex should get regular
gynecological or male genital examinations. First, because these
exams give doctors a chance to teach people about STDs and
protecting themselves. Second, regular exams give doctors more
opportunities to check for STDs while they're still in their earliest
and most treatable stage.
Gonorrhea
• Gonorrhea is an STD caused by bacteria called
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The bacteria can be passed
from one person to another through vaginal, oral, or
anal sex. It can also be passed from a mother to her
baby during birth.
• Girl:
A girl who has gonorrhea may have so mild symptoms
that aren’t noticed. In cases, girls will feel a burning
sensation when they urinate, or they will have a
yellow or green vaginal discharge. If the infection
spreads and moves into the uterus or fallopian tubes, it
may result in an infection called pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID), which can cause abdominal pain, fever,
and pain during sexual intercourse.
• Boy:
Guys who have gonorrhea are much more likely to
notice symptoms. Guys often feel a burning sensation
when they urinate, and yellowish-white discharge may
leak out of the urethra
Syphilis
• Syphilis is another STD caused by a type of bacteria known
as a spirochete. It is extremely small and can live almost
anywhere in the body.
• In the 1990’s there was a decrease in the number of people
infected with syphilis. However, more recently there has
been a steady increase in reported cases of syphilis,
especially in young adults and in men who have male
sexual partners.
Chlamydia
• Chlamydia is an STD that is caused by bacteria called
Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia is one of the most
common STDs.
• The bacteria can move from one person to another through
sexual intercourse. If someone touches bodily fluids that
contain the bacteria and then touches his or her eye, a
chlamydial eye infection is possible. Chlamydia also can be
passed from a mother to her baby while the baby is being
delivered. This can cause pneumonia and conjuntivitis.
Living with HIV/AIDS
Country
Deaths due to
AIDS during 2009
All people
Adult (15-49)
rate %
110,000
0.5
2,900
Belize
4,800
2.3
<500
Bolivia
12,000
0.2
<1,000
Brazil
(460,000-810,000)
(0.3-0.6)
(2,000-25,000)
Chile
40,000
0.4
(<1,000-2,000)
Colombia
160,000
0.5
14,000
Costa Rica
9,800
0.3
<500
Ecuador
37,000
0.4
2,200
El Salvador
34,000
0.8
1,400
Guatemala
62,000
0.8
2,600
Guyana
5,900
1.2
<500
Honduras
39,000
México
220,000
0.3
(6,400-12,000)
Nicaragua
6,900
0.2
<500
Panamá
20,000
Paraguay
13,000
0.3
<500
Perú
75,000
0.4
5,000
Suriname
3,700
Uruguay
9,900
Argentina
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.5
2,500
1,500
<200
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