Transcript Health STI/HIV PPT - Gordon State College

Immune System
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STD rates by
age.
Figure 14.1
14-1
http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en
/
“HIV has inflicted the single greatest reversal in human
development in modern history” UNAIDS Report for 2008
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8D0fxPu
pD78
http://youtu.be/qI_aftFD_a8
HIV- “an absolute parasite”
Course of HIV Infection
AIDS = CD4 cell count under 200.
WHAT IS HIV AND AIDS?




HIV attacks lymphocytes (white blood cells)
called T-cells.
The virus penetrates T-cells and forces them to
make copies of HIV which causes the T-cell to
die.
Less T-cells result in a weakened immune
system and risk for opportunistic diseases.
HIV infection and certain opportunistic
diseases or HIV infection and a low T-cell count
(200 or less) will result in an AIDS diagnosis.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
HIV/AIDS
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
= Retrovirus that attacks and destroys the
immune system
AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Opportunistic Infections = common bacteria, fungus, viruses,etc.
that usually do not have the opportunity to infect people with healthy
immune systems
HIV SYMPTOMS IF PRESENT
Sore throat
Mouth Sores
Muscle stiffness and aches
Headaches
Diarrhea
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Fever
Fatigue
Rash
Frequent vaginal yeast infections
TRANSMISSION OF HIV
Blood
 Semen
 Vaginal Secretions
 Breast milk

TREATMENT

No cure

Anti-viral therapy suppresses replication of the
HIV virus in the body

HAART = Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
(AIDs Cocktail)
PEOPLE AT HIGHEST RISK FOR HIV
INFECTION




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Those who engage in unprotected sex
Those with sexual partners who participate in
high risk activities (anal sex)
Those who share needles with infected
intravenous drug use
Infants born to mothers infected with HIV
Those who received blood transfusions between
1977-1985
HIV: WHAT IS SAFE?
Safe
 Casual contact.
 Hugging.
 Eating after.
 Massage.
 Masturbation.
 Insects.
Unsafe
 Vaginal sex.
 Anal sex.
 Oral sex.
 Deep kissing.
 Multiple partners.
 Sharing needles.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
SHOULD I BE TESTED?
You should be tested if:
 You have had any STD.
 Shared drug needles.
 Had sex with a prostitute.
 Had sex with a man who had sex with another man.
 Had unprotected sex with three or more partners.
Remember that the test looks for HIV antibodies. It could take 3 to 6 months
before antibodies appear in the blood. A person should have 6 months with
no risk behavior before a test can be accurate.
For more information contact your local health department.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/slideshow-aids-retrospective
http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/staying-healthy-10/slideshow-hiv-mythsfacts
http://www.webmd.com/video/living-with-aids
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF STDs’
WOMEN
Pelvic Pain
Bleeding from vagina between
periods
WOMEN AND MEN
Abnormal discharge from penis or
vagina
A burning sensation during urination
Burning or itching around the
vagina
Sores, bumps, or blisters near mouth,
rectum, or genitals
Pain deep inside the vagina during
intercourse
Flu like feelings
Redness and swelling in the throat
Swelling in the groin area
CURABLE AND INCURABLE STDS
Bacterial (curable)
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhea
 Syphilis
Viral (incurable)
 Genital herpes
 Genital warts
 Hepatitis B
 AIDS
http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/slideshow-std-pictures-and-facts
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
TRICHOMONASIS
CHLAMYDIA: BACTERIA CHLAMYDIA
TRACHOMATIS

Transmission


Incubation


Culture tests of discharge collected from around the cervix and in
the urethra. Reliable and affordable.
Treatment


Up to 80% of women and 50% of men have no symptoms. When
symptoms do occur, they are often mild. Symptoms include
discharge, itching and burning, painful urination, and flu-like
symptoms.
Diagnosis


Poorly defined, probably 7-14 days or longer.
Typical Symptoms


Passed during direct sexual contact and hand to eye.
Curable with certain antibiotics (not penicillin).
Danger

If untreated, can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
GONORRHEA: BACTERIA






Transmission
 Direct contact between mucous membranes, i.e., genitals, anus, and
mouth. Contaminated fingers can pass organism to the eye. People can
not get gonorrhea from objects.
Incubation
 Usually 2-14 days.
Typical Symptoms
 Genitals, anus, throat, and eyes can be infected. Symptoms include
discharge, burning and itching, painful urination, or a mild sore throat. Up
to 80% of women and 20% of men have no symptoms.
Diagnosis
 Microscopic observation of discharge. Culture from site.
Treatment
 Curable with antibiotics. Some strains may become resistant.
Danger
 Can cause PID and sterility in men and women.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
CHLAMYDIA
GONORRHEA
GONORRHEA
SYPHILIS: BACTERIA TREPONEMA
PALLIDUM




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Transmission
 Direct contact with infectious sore or lesionous rashes.
Incubation
 1 to 12 weeks before primary stage.
Typical Symptoms
 Primary: painless chancre sore at site of entry of germ and lasts 1–5
weeks. If not treated, leads to secondary syphilis.
 Secondary: 2 weeks to 6 months after chancre. Rash, flu-like symptoms,
patchy hair loss. Secondary will go away without treatment, but will lead to
latent syphilis.
 Latent: no longer infectious to carry bacteria and lead to tertiary.
 Tertiary Stage: 3 to 40 years later, damage to body organs such as the
brain and heart, paralysis and death.
Diagnosis
 Physical examination, microscopic test from sore, blood tests.
Treatment
 Cured with antibiotics.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
SYPHILIS
PRIMARY STAGE
SECONDARY STAGE
GENITAL WARTS: HUMAN PAPILLOMA
VIRUS (HPV)


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

Transmission
 Direct contact with warts in genital area. May be transmitted
without visible warts.
Incubation
 Range from 1-8 months.
Typical Symptoms
 Flat or round bumps with cauliflowerlike appearance occurring on
moist areas of genitals and anus. Many have no symptoms.
Diagnosis
 Visual examination, tissue cultures. Pap smears can detect warts
not visible. Common cause of cervical cancer.
Treatment
 Freezing, laser, chemical prep, and surgery. May not “cure” the
infection.
Danger
 HPV causes cervical cancer. Pap smears are important.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
HUMAN PAPILOMA VIRUS (HPV)
GENITAL WARTS
Cervical Cancer Prevention
The vaccine now in use requires a series of 3 shots over a one-year period. It has
been approved by the FDA and should be covered by most insurance. The American
Cancer Society recommends the vaccine for girls when they are 11 or 12, before they
begin having sex. It is also recommended as a “catch up” for women aged 13 to 18,
and that women age 19 to 26 talk to their doctor about whether the vaccine is right
for them. It is important to realize that the vaccine doesn’t protect against all cancercausing types of HPV, so Pap tests are still needed.
The second way to prevent cancer of the cervix is to have a Pap test. The Pap test
can detect HPV infection and pre-cancers. Treatment of these problems can stop
cervical cancer before it develops fully into an invasive cancer.
GENITAL HERPES: HERPES SIMPLEX
VIRUS (HSV)



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Transmission
 Direct contact with infectious blisters or sores usually on genitals,
anus, or mouth. May also be passed through asymptomatic viral
shedding.
Incubation
 2-12 days
Typical Symptoms
 Painful blisters or sores form, break, crust over, and heal in 2 to 4
weeks. Sores may reappear throughout life, but heal faster, are less
painful and occur less frequently. Factors like stress, fatigue, and
other illness may bring on reoccurrences.
Diagnosis
 Visual examination and tissue culture.
Treatment
 No cure at present time. Medications (acyclovir) used to relieve
pain, shorten outbreak, or prevent infection in open sore.
Danger
 Can be fatal to infants who acquire the disease.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
HERPES SIMPLEX (HSV-2)
HEPATITIS B: VIRUS

Transmission


Incubation


Through a blood test.
Treatment


Most have none or mild flu-like feelings, itching, and joint pain.
Eventually leads to liver enlargements and failure.
Diagnosis


1 – 9 months but people can carry the virus with no active infection
(and spread to others)
Typical Symptoms


Vaginal, anal and oral sex, sharing needles, and mother to baby.
A vaccine is available.
Dangers

Progressive destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
HEPATITUS
A,B,C
Sexually Transmitted Disease Risk
Factors
1.
Multiple Sexual Partners
2.
False Sense of Safety
3.
Absence of signs and symptoms
4.
Untreated conditions
5.
Impaired judgment (Alcohol and Drugs)
6.
Lack of immunity
7.
Body piercing
8.
Value judgments
9.
Denial
http://www.undispatch.com/who-knew-global-health-could-be-so-funny-video/
PREVENTING SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED DISEASES
A. Continual Education and Treatment
1. Stigma
2. Judgmental Attitudes
B. Practicing Safe Sex
1. Abstinence
2. Know partners sexual history (high risk activities)
3. Use condoms with spermicides
PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
4. Barriers to safe sex
a. Denial
b. Feelings of quilt and being
uncomfortable
about being sexual
c. Succumbing to social and peer pressure
to
be sexual
C. Effective Communication Skills
1. Talk to partner about sexual intercourse
2. Think ahead of time what you will say if your
partner wants to have sex and you don’t
.
3. What if partner offended that you want to