Transcript The Origin of HIV

The Origin of HIV
Neelam Rani, Vijaya Alla
What is HIV?
Group: Group VI (ssRNA)
Family: Retroviridae
Genus: Lentivirus
Species: HIV-1, HIV-2
Virus Structure
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Enveloped
Two copies of
ssRNA
Reverse
transcriptase
Bullet-shaped
capsid
72 spikes
Only 9 genes
LifeCycle
What is SIV?
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Retrovirus that infects primates
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Virus is transmitted sexually
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It does not cause disease in natural
host
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May cause SAIDS in non-natural hosts
Relationship: HIV & SIV
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HIV-1 evolved from
SIVcpz found in a
chimpanzee
subspecies Pan
troglodyte
troglodyte
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HIV-2, the less
virulent form,
evolved from
SIVsm found in
Theories on Origin
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Hunter Theory
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Contaminated Needle Theory
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OPV Theory
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Colonial Theory
Earliest Cases
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1959 - adult male in Congo
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1969 - teenager in St.Louis
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1976 - sailor in Norway
Causes
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Travel
Blood Industry
Drug Use
Intercourse
Birth
HIV’s Progression to AIDS
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Stage I - asympotomatic
Stage II - mucocutaneous
maifestations, URI
Stage III - chronic diarrhea, severe
bacterial infections, pulmonary TB
Stage IV - taxoplasmosis of brain,
candidiasis of esophagus,trachea,
lungs and kaposi’s sarcoma
Geography
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Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean are the hardest
hit
WHO estimates 36-44 million are infected with HIV as of Dec 2004
Medications
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No cure
No vaccine
HAART “cocktail” - contains protease
inhibitors and two reverse
transcriptase inhibitors
Antisense therapy – fragment of DNA
that binds to viral mRNA to prevent
translation
References
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http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/
Simian_immunodeficiency_virus
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/
AIDS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1999/
499_aids.html
http://www.avert.org/origins.htm