Diet and Health
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Transcript Diet and Health
Diet and Health
Chapter 11
Cancer Facts
US men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk
US women have a 1 in 3 lifetime risk
1,220,000 new malignant cancer cases
in 2000
552,000 cancer deaths in 2000
Cancer the Top Killer for Those
Under 85 – Jan 20, 2005
Cancer Trends
JNCI, 1999
1990-1996
All cancer incidence declined
by 2.2%
-4.1% males
-0.5% females
USATODAY.com - Cancer
deaths lowest in 7 decades
The Cancer Development
Process
Initiation
Alterations in DNA
minutes - days
Causes:
radiation
chemical carcinogens
viruses
The Cancer Development
Process
Promotion
“locking” DNA alterations
failure of DNA repair
mechanisms
months - years
The Cancer Development
Process
Cancer Progression
Uncontrolled growth of
cancer cells
malignancy and metastasis
weeks to years
Cancer Development
http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/cancer/activities/activity2_animations.htm
Diet and Cancer Development
Initiation
Dietary sources of carcinogens
aflatoxin mold from peanuts
benzopyrene from charbroiled meats
nitrosamine from cured meats
Protection
phytochemicals
antioxidants
dietary fiber
Alaska Journal of Commerce Online
Diet and Cancer Development
Promotion
Fat and PUFA
excess alcohol
Progression
excess Fat and calories
Diet and Cancer
ACS 2000
One third of cancer deaths in US
is due to cigarette smoking
One third of cancer deaths in US
is due to diet
5-10% of cancers are hereditary
NutraIngredients
1999 ACS Dietary Guidelines
Choose most of the foods you
eat from plant sources.
Five A Day
low in fat and calories
high in folic acid, vitamin C, beta-carotene
high in fiber
high in phytochemicals
ABC News: Turn to Tomatoes for Prostate
Health
FOXNews.com - Health - Vitamin D May
Lower Some Cancer Risk
Trends in Consumption of Recommended Vegetable and
Fruit Servings (5 or more) for Cancer Prevention, Adults 18
and Older, US, 1994-2000
Prevalence (%)
35
30
25
22
24
24
23
1996
1998
2000
20
15
10
5
0
1994*
* Includes fewer than 50 states and the District of Columbia. All other prevalences include the 50 states and District
of Columbia.
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001.
Hypertension
Definition
Diastolic Blood Pressure
> 90 mm Hg
Systolic Blood Pressure
>140 mm Hg
Desirable < 120/80
Hypertension and Disease
Stroke
2/3rds with first stroke have HTN
7 times more likely than normal
Coronary heart disease
1/2 with first MI have HTN
3 times more likely than normal
End-stage Renal Failure
Blindness
Blood
Pressure
Risk Factors
Age
Ethnicity
Family History
Obesity
Diet and Hypertension
Weight Loss
Moderate weight
loss
Regular exercise
Diet and Hypertension
Alcohol
< 1-2 servings per day
>2 servings increases risk of HTN
Potassium
fruits and vegetables
Fish Oils
Calcium
Calcium, Linus Pauling Institute's
Micronutrient Information Center
Potassium
Found in both plant and animal
AI = 4700 mg/day
Good food sources
Functions
Works with sodium
Helps maintain lower BP
Protective Effects of High Dietary
Potassium: Nutritional and Metabolic
Aspects -- Demigné et al. 134 (11):
2903 -- Journal of Nutrition