Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases
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Transcript Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases
Infectious and NonInfectious Diseases
(What are they, how are they
caused, how are they treated
and how can we prevent
them)
Pathogens (infectious)
Organisms that cause
disease
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoan
Parasites
Bacteria vs. Viruses
Simple, single celled
Air, soil, food, and in
plants and animals
Most are not disease
causing
The ones that do,
enter cells and
damage them with
toxins
Can be cured by
antibiotics
Smallest
pathogens
100x smaller than
bacteria
Multiple when
living in cells
Cannot be cured
by medicine, only
reduces the
symptoms
How are they spread?
Contact with an infected person
Contact with contaminated
object
Contact with animal
Contact with environment
sources
How does the body fight
them off?
The immune system
Phagocytes (white blood cells: eat up
foreign cells)
Inflammation = the bodies response
defenses Skin, sweat, hair, mucous membranes,
cilia,
Immune System: What is it
and How does it work?
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes B and T cells (white
blood cells)
Fights off infection
Produce antibodies
Vaccines (immunization schedule)
Stages of Diseases
1. Incubation (entry to when you feel
sick)
2. Prodomal (first symptoms)
3. Acute (most severe)
4. Recovery (start feeling better)
5. Convalescence (end of sickness
and feeling better)
Treatment
Over the counter medicine
Reduce symptoms
Medical Care
Go to doctor
Antibiotics (kill bacteria)
No cure for viral infections
Rest, well balanced diet, and plenty of
fluids
Prevention
Eat a well-balanced diet
8 hours of sleep
Exercise
Avoid stress
Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other
drugs
Do not share toothbrush, cup, etc
Wash hands!
Check immunizations
Common diseases
Cold
Influenza
Pneumonia
Rubella
Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Mono (kissing disease)
STI’s
Types:
Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral
Ex: Crabs, gonorrhea , Chlamydia, herpes, HPV,
etc.
How they are transmitted
Genital-genital contact
Sexual contact
Mother to baby
Treatment- antibiotics, some no cure
Prevention (healthy choices, contraception)
HIV/AIDS
Transmission
blood to blood
Fluids
Mother to baby
Sexual contact
Treatment- medicine
Prevention
Abstinence
Condoms
Non-Infectious Disease
and disabilities
Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Diabetes/arthritis
Disabilities
Eating disorders
Mental diseases
Cardiovascular Disease
Types:
High blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Coronary artery disease
Congestive heart failure
Stroke
Preventing Cardiovascular
disease
Do not smoke and if you do, quit.
do not drink
Exercise regularly
Healthy diet and avoid obesity
Control blood pressure
Uncontrollable Factors:
- age, family history, gender, race
Treating Cardiovascular
Disease
Similar to prevention
Surgery
medication
Cancer
Types of Cancer:
skin, lung, oral, colon/rectal,
breast, reproductive,
leukemia/lymphoma, etc
What causes cancer?
Carciogens: being exposed to
cancer causing agents
Treating and Preventing
Cancer
Prevention:
Avoid tobacco and alcohol
Protect yourself from the sun (spf)
Healthy diet and exercise
Avoid unnecessary x-rays and radiation
Regular check-ups
Treatment:
radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy
Diabetes (type I and type II)
A disease in which the body’s ability
to use blood sugar (glucose-energy)
is impaired
Insulin a hormone produced by the pancreas
that stimulates body cells to take up
and use blood sugar
Type I
Insulin dependant
More serious
Produces little or no insulin
Glucose levels remain high
Appears during childhood
Type II
Produce enough insulin, but their body cells do
not respond normally to insulin
Occurs later in life
Symptoms:
Hard to heal infections, thirsty, frequent urination,
nausea, hunger, irritability, tired, itching, blurred
vision, and numbness in hands and feet.
Causes:
Family history, being overweight, and lack physical
activity
Disablities
Physical
Impaired sight, hearing or mobility
(cerebral palsy, spina bifida, cystic
fibrosis)
Mental
Downs syndrome, autism, aspergers
syndrome, learning disabilities,
emotional disabilities, ADD, ADHD,etc
Acceptance and awareness!!
Eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa
Deliberate self-starvation
Bulimia nervosa
Binge and purge
Binge eating disorder
Mental disease
Depression
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
insomnia
Social phobias
OCD