Transcript Earth History - 8th Grade Science

 microbiology
- the study of microbes
 Microbes – organisms that can only be seen
under a microscope
...this is what happens when you leave
beef (L) or chicken (R) on the counter: it
grows E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella!
A
virus is…
 … a microscopic disease causing agent
 They are NOT made up of cells
 Made of a protective wall with DNA inside it
made of cells containing DNA
 respond to stimuli
 take in energy and export waste
 reproduce
 grow
 ( self propelled movement)

 Are
they alive?
 Yes  Reproduce
 No  Don’t eat or produce waste, are not made of
cells, need a host
(virus video)
 Childhood
diseases…
 Chicken Pox, small pox, yellow fever, warts
 Other diseases …
 Colds, Influenza (the flu), meningitis, west
nile, ebola
 What
does NOT work on viruses?
 Vaccines are used to treat viruses
 What type of vaccines do you know of?
 Bacteria
are…
 … prokaryotic organisms ( the smallest living thing)
 Where do they live?
 Soil, Radioactive waste, Water, Plants, Humans,
Deep in the earth's crust, Arctic ice, Glaciers, Hot
springs, The stratosphere (between 6 to 30 miles up
in the atmosphere), Ocean depths
 How
do we classify bacteria?
 By 3 different shapes
 Spherical
Usually the simplest ones. These bacteria are
called cocci (singular coccus).
 Rod shaped
These are known as bacilli (singular bacillus).
 Spiral
These are known as spirilla (singular spirillus).
 Common
bacterial diseases
 leprosy, tetanus, syphilis, typhoid fever,
strep throat, tuberculosis, salmonella,
whooping cough
 What
is a vector?
 Animal disease spreaders that don’t catch
the illness
 They carry infectious disease (can be passed
from one generation to the next)
 Examples…
 Rats, ticks, and mosquitoes
 What
do scientists study?
 Microbial pathogens – disease causing agents
 Examples?
 Virus, Bacteria, Parasite
 How
do they study pathogens?
 Computer modeling, cell cultures, animals,
clinical trials
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 How
are diseases spread?
 What happens when they spread rapidly?
 Epidemic
 a disease that is wide spread in a particular
area
 Pandemic
 An epidemic that spreads over a wide area
 An
epidemic may be localized to a small
region but the number of people affected
may be very, very large compared to what is
"expected". In this case, it can be called a
pandemic even if its geographical spread is
not very large. For example, let us say that a
disease has an "expected" rate of infection of
15%. When 40% of the population of a state is
infected, we have an epidemic on our hands.
When 75% of the population is infected, it
has reached pandemic proportions.
 1.
The name of the disease I am studying is
chicken pox. It gets its name from the way it
looks like the bumps on a chicken’s skin.
 2. A virus causes chicken pox.
 3. The symptoms of this disease are first a
fever, headache, stomach ache, and then
small itchy spots appear on your skin.
 4. It is transmitted through the air or by
physical contact.
 5. You are not likely to catch it because most
people get vaccinated for it, or have already
had it.